@article {Pereira2013869,
	title = {A new species of Isoetes with tuberculate spores from southeastern Brazil (Isoetaceae)},
	journal = {Systematic Botany},
	volume = {38},
	number = {4},
	year = {2013},
	note = {cited By (since 1996)0},
	pages = {869-874},
	abstract = {Isoetes quiririensis is described, illustrated, and compared to similar species. This species can be distinguished from other species in Brazil by a set of characters that include microphylls that are semi-cylindrical in cross section, velum covering more than 3/4 of the sporangium, tuberculate megaspores varying from 477-670 μm in diameter, echinate microspores, and a chromosome number of 2n = 22. We also include a key for species from the Atlantic Rainforest that have tuberculate megaspores, distribution maps, and spore images for all species that are discussed. Isoetes quiriensis is known only from the type locality, where it occurs as an aquatic in small streams at high elevations. We suggest it should be classified as a data deficient species based on the IUCN criteria. {\textcopyright} Copyright 2013 by the American Society of Plant Taxonomists.},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84892771709\&partnerID=40\&md5=5330336025d70b7769a8178a24b91c8d},
	author = {Pereira, J.B.S. and Labiak, P.H.}
}
@article {107,
	title = {Isozymes of the Isoetes riparia complex, II. Ancestry and relationships of polyploids},
	journal = {Systematic Botany},
	volume = {25},
	year = {2000},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996):11Export Date: 11 November 2013Source: Scopus},
	month = {2000///},
	pages = {260 - 280},
	abstract = {Isoetes riparia is a complex tetraploid taxon of eastern North America that in its widest sense includes a diversity of morphotypes variously segregated, or included in a single polymorphic species. Although the diploid ancestry of I. riparia has been proposed as I. echinospora x engelmannii, it is uncertain whether this ancestry applies to all elements of the complex, here broadly defined to encompass three segregates of I. riparia and the recently described I. hyemalis (referred to informally as riparia, canadensis, saccharata and hyemalis). To help clarify relationships among these tetraploids, isozyme genotypes for 13 loci coding eight enzymes, were determined for 16 populations representing all four segregates. Duplicate gene expression, evidenced as fixed heterozygosity consistent with allopolyploidy, characterized the tetraploid genotypes of all taxa. Although exhibiting modest to no variation within populations, populations were highly differentiated, most showing a unique combination of alleles for their multilocus genotypes, with the exception of five genetically identical Canadian populations. Ancestry was evaluated through comparison to diploid genotypes previously reported. A quantitative approach was carried out to rank likelihoods for hypothetical ancestral combinations of diploids for each tetraploid population. The ancestry I. echinospora x engelmannii hypothesized for I. riparia was unequivocally supported for the six populations of the most northern segregate, canadensis. Diploid ancestries for the remaining 10 more southern populations were less certain, although the diploid I. mattaponi was implicated as a likely ancestor for most. Most likely ancestry for populations of riparia/saccharata was inferred as I. valida x mattaponi, and for hyemalis as I. mattaponi x flaccida. However, these hypotheses were only slightly more likely than other combinations. UPGMA analysis using Rogers{\textquoteright} similarity resulted in three clusters corresponding to canadensis, riparia/saccharata, and hyemalis. However, the hyemalis cluster was weakly associated and was not supported by UPGMA using Nei{\textquoteright}s identity. These highly variable tetraploid genotypes suggest a complicated evolutionary history for the I. riparia complex that probably involved a combination of diverse ancestry, multiple origins, divergence, and gene silencing.},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0034046198\&partnerID=40\&md5=48c688dd1d8bd2bf3f8bc0a92bc03060},
	author = {Caplen, C.A. and Werth, C.R.}
}
@article {109,
	title = {Isozymes of the Isoetes riparia complex, I. Genetic variation and relatedness of diploid species},
	journal = {Systematic Botany},
	volume = {25},
	year = {2000},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996):11Export Date: 11 November 2013Source: Scopus},
	month = {2000///},
	pages = {235 - 259},
	abstract = {Isozymes were examined in the six aquatic (including amphibious) diploid species of Isoetes of eastern North America in order to quantify their levels and patterns of genetic variation, to determine their genetic distinctness, and to evaluate the utility of allozymes in addressing ancestry in the I. riparia complex. Twenty-six populations representing diploid species, I. echinospora, I. engelmannii, I. flaccida, I. mattaponi, I. prototypus, and I. valida were compared for eleven enzymes coded by 16 interpretable loci. Levels of genetic variation in populations tended to be low ranging from none (means: P = 0.0, A = 1.0, H = 0.0) in I. echinospora to moderate (means: P = 22.9, A = 1.4, H = 0.093) in I. flaccida. Genetic variation in polymorphic species tended to be distributed more among than within populations, as indicated by high F(st) values (F(st) > 0.607 in all polymorphic species except I. mattaponi, for which F(st) = 0.272). The genetic identities of conspecific populations were high, with mean values ranging from I = 0.779/S = 0.733 in I. flaccida to I = 1.000/S = 1.000 in I. echinospora. Interspecific genetic identities were lower, with means ranging from I = 0.438/S = 0.429 between I. mattaponi and I. prototypus to I = 0.736 between I. valida and I. flaccida, and S = 0.699 between I. valida and I. prototypus. Thus the six diploids were found to be genetically distinct, corroborating their recognition based on morphology. Evidence from this study indicates that isozymes may be informative in diagnosing ancestry of allopolyploids in the Isoetes riparia complex.},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0034042682\&partnerID=40\&md5=ed389e88047f4d191722332cdcce26a9},
	author = {Caplen, C.A. and Werth, C.R.}
}
@book {59,
	title = {Phylogeny and biogeography of Iso{\"e}tes (Iso{\"e}taceae) based on nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequence data},
	series = {Systematic Botany},
	volume = {31},
	year = {2006},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996):14Export Date: 11 November 2013Source: Scopus},
	month = {2006///},
	pages = {449 - 460},
	abstract = {Despite its ancient origins, worldwide distribution, and adaptation to diverse habitats, Iso{\"e}tes species have a highly conserved morphology, making it difficult to resolve phylogenetic relationships using morphological characters. In this paper, we report the results from various analyses (maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian inference) for Iso{\"e}tes species from around the world based on nucleotide sequences from the nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and chloroplast atpB/rbcL intergenic spacer regions. The trees resulting from our analyses of the combined data contain six major well-supported clades (bootstrap >= 90\%, posterior probabilities = 1.00): A clade with possible Gondwanan affinities (I. australis, I. coromandelina, I. panamensis, I. cubana, I. jamaicensis); a South African clade (I. capensis, I. toximontana, I. stellenbossiensis, I. stephansenii); a largely Northern Hemisphere clade (I. nuttallii, I. orcuttii, I. minima, I. dixitei, I. abyssinica, I. olympica, I. longissima, I. velata); an Asian/Australasian clade (I. drummondii, I. gunnii, I. pusilla, I. kirkii, I. muelleri, I. taiwanensis, I. japonica, I. yunguiensis, I. habbemensis); a Mediterranean clade (I. histrix and I. setacea); and a poorly resolved clade consisting of 12 new world species (American species complex). Our results are compared to past classifications and various biogeographical scenarios are explored. {\textcopyright} Copyright 2006 by the American Society of Plant Taxonomists.},
	keywords = {Biogeography, Isoetaceae, Isoetes, Phylogeny},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-67650146436\&partnerID=40\&md5=c418d4b55db9dd7f2436a8d3189f1552},
	author = {Hoot, S.B. and Taylor, W.C. and Napier, N.S.}
}
@article {60,
	title = {Inferring the root of Iso{\"e}tes: Exploring alternatives in the absence of an acceptable outgroup},
	journal = {Systematic Botany},
	volume = {31},
	year = {2006},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996):11Export Date: 11 November 2013Source: Scopus},
	month = {2006///},
	pages = {258 - 270},
	abstract = {The ancient divergence between the lycopsid genus Iso{\"e}tes and its closest living relative (Selaginella) has resulted in considerable morphological and genetic disparity, yet within Iso{\"e}tes there is remarkable morphological and genetic uniformity. This has made it difficult to identify the phylogenetic root of the genus. In this study, we addressed this problem and characterized the early branching patterns within Iso{\"e}tes using an expanded set of taxa and three molecular markers. We assessed the saturation in the molecular data sets, tested for differences in evolutionary rate, determined the stability of the ingroup topology, and evaluated the applicability of the molecular clock. We then explored three alternative rooting approaches: outgroup, midpoint, and maximum likelihood under the assumption of a molecular clock. Attempts to infer the root of Iso{\"e}tes using the outgroup approach were severely hindered by the effects of saturation, but the results from midpoint rooting and the enforcement of the molecular clock were highly consistent among the data sets. We identify the root of Iso{\"e}tes to be located among three major, highly supported clades. {\textcopyright} Copyright 2006 by the American Society of Plant Taxonomists.},
	keywords = {Isoetaceae, Isoetes, Lycophyte, Midpoint rooting, Phylogenetic root, Relative rate comparisons},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-33745493624\&partnerID=40\&md5=8d3abb9eb77572545e97747f1aaf51a5},
	author = {Schuettpelz, E. and Hoot, S.B.}
}
