@article {231,
	title = {Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Isoetes Sinensis Under Terrestrial and Submerged Conditions},
	journal = {Plant Molecular Biology Repprter},
	volume = {34},
	number = {1},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {136-145},
	abstract = {Isoetes L. is an ancient genus of heterosporous lycopsids with a unique phylogenetic position. Repeated adaptations to environmental changes over time have contributed to occupying a variety of niches in Isoetes. However, we know little about how they adapt to the environmental changes, and the sequence resources are very limited in public databases. Isoetes sinensis is an amphibious plant in this genus, alternating frequently between terrestrial and aquatic environments. In this study, I. sinensis was applied to investigate the adaptations under terrestrial (TC) and submerged (ST) conditions using Illumina RNA-sequencing technology. Approximately 87 million high-quality reads were yielded and assembled into 31,619 unigenes with an average length of 1618 bp. Overall, 28,208 unigenes were annotated against the National Center of Biotechnology Information (NCBI), Non-redundant (Nr), Cluster of Orthologous Groups (COG), Gene Ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases. Moreover, we identified 1740 differentially expressed genes with 1146 up-regulated and 594 down-regulated genes under TC. GO annotation revealed that stress-relevant categories were remarkably enriched, and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the phytohormone signalings and carbohydrate metabolism were significantly influenced. Furthermore, a total of 1646 transcription factors (TF) were identified and classified into 54 TF families; among them, 180 TFs were dynamic between terrestrial and submerged conditions. This study is the first report for Isoetes to generate numerous sequences and establish general understandings about the adaptations in the changing environments. The dataset provides a foundation for novel gene discoveries, comparative genomics, functional genomics, and phylogenetics in Isoetes.},
	author = {Yang, T. and Liu, X.}
}
@article {93,
	title = {Isoetes yunguiensis (Isoetaceae), a new basic diploid quillwort from China},
	journal = {Novon},
	volume = {12},
	year = {2002},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996):15Export Date: 11 November 2013Source: Scopus},
	month = {2002///},
	pages = {587 - 591},
	abstract = {Isoetes yunguiensis, a basic diploid species with a chromosome number of 2n = 22, is described and illustrated. This species occurs on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau in southwest China. It is similar to I. japonica in its appearance and emergent aquatic habit. Herbarium specimens of I. yunguiensis previously have been misidentified as I. japonica. Isoetes yunguiensis differs from I. japonica in megaspore and microspore morphology and chromosome number.},
	keywords = {China, East Asia, Isoetaceae, Isoetes, Quillwort, Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0036939584\&partnerID=40\&md5=da8d4d4668c03846b51b3df5877e8602},
	author = {Wang, Q.-F. and Liu, X. and Taylor, W.C. and He, Z.-R.}
}
@article {80,
	title = {Phylogenetic relationships of Iso{\"e}tes (Iso{\"e}taceae) in China as revealed by nucleotide sequences of the nuclear ribosomal ITS region and the second intron of a LEAFY homolog},
	journal = {American Fern Journal},
	volume = {94},
	year = {2004},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996):17Export Date: 11 November 2013Source: Scopus},
	month = {2004///},
	pages = {196 - 205},
	abstract = {Iso{\"e}tes is an ancient lycopod lineage with a highly conserved morphology that provides few morphological characters to resolve the phylogeny of its species. Species appear to have evolved by divergence and allopolyploidy. The basic diploids I. hypsophila, I. taiwanensis, and I. yunguiensis and the tetraploid I. sinensis occur in China. Analysis of ITS sequences indicates that the Chinese Iso{\"e}tes species are part of an Australasian clade including I. brevicula from Western Australia and I. kirkii from New Zealand. Two distinct cloned sequences of the second intron of a LEAFY homolog were recovered from I. sinensis supporting the hypothesis that I. sinensis is an allotetraploid. One of the I. sinensis cloned sequences was similar to the I. taiwanensis sequence and the other cloned sequence was similar to the I. yunguiensis sequence identifying I. taiwanensis and I. yunguiensis as the likely parents of I. sinensis. Other cloned sequences recovered from I. sinensis were recombined parts of the two distinct sequences. Morphological evidence supporting an allotetraploid origin of I. sinensis is found in its larger microspore size and intermediate megaspore texture compared to I. taiwanensis, and I. yunguiensis.},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-11444262662\&partnerID=40\&md5=7b7a2b568e139bee1b60bd62836ff6ef},
	author = {Taylor, W.C. and Lekschas, A.R. and Qing, F.W. and Liu, X. and Napier, N.S. and Hoot, S.B.}
}
@article {72,
	title = {Genetic variation within the endangered quillwort Iso{\"e}tes hypsophila (Isoetaceae) in China as evidenced by ISSR analysis},
	journal = {Aquatic Botany},
	volume = {82},
	year = {2005},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996):21Export Date: 11 November 2013Source: Scopus},
	month = {2005///},
	pages = {89 - 98},
	abstract = {The genetic diversity of 56 individuals of Iso{\"e}tes hypsophila Hand.-Mazz. from China was investigated by ISSR. Twelve primers were screened from 65 primers, and a total of 119 DNA fragments were scored, of these, 82\% were polymorphic bands, which indicated that high levels of genetic variation existed in the natural populations. Genetic diversity varied greatly among populations with the percentage of polymorphic band (PPB) values ranging from 8 to 35\%. An analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) was used to apportion the variation between regions, among populations within regions, and within populations. Results indicated that most of the variance (85\%) occurred between Yunnan and Sichuan. The variances among populations within regions and within populations, however, were only 5 and 10\%, respectively. In the among-population analysis, the larger part of genetic variation (77\%) resided among populations, and less (23\%) presented differences within populations. UPGMA cluster analysis showed that there was no distinct genetic differentiation between populations from Sichuan province. A number of causes including limited gene flow, genetic drift and inbreeding might have led to these observed genetic profiles of I. hypsophila. {\textcopyright} 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Conservation, Endangered, Genetic variation, Isoetes hypsophila, ISSR},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-20444420155\&partnerID=40\&md5=c58709593caeba345cf50c4fba7d6213},
	author = {Chen, J.-M. and Liu, X. and Wang, J.-Y. and Robert, G.W. and Wang, Q.-F.}
}
@article {50,
	title = {Spore morphology of Iso{\"e}tes (iso{\"e}taceae) from China},
	journal = {Journal of Systematics and Evolution},
	volume = {46},
	year = {2008},
	note = {Export Date: 11 November 2013Source: Scopus},
	month = {2008///},
	pages = {479 - 489},
	abstract = {Micromorphological characters of mega- and microspores of five Iso{\"e}tes species from China were observed under scanning electron microscope (SEM). Megaspores of I. hypsophila have a levigate ornamentation, and are 358 μm in diameter (mean, n=30), microspores of this species have a gyrus ornamentation, and are 22 μm in length (mean, n=30); megaspores of I. yunguiensis have a cristate-reticulate ornamentation, with a size of 390 μm in diameter (mean, n=30), while microspores nearly smooth with some fine granulates, and with a size of 22 gm in length (mean, n=30); megaspores of I. taiwanensis are tuberculate and 312 μm in diameter (mean, n=30), echinate microspores are 24 μm in length (mean, n=30); cristate megaspores of I. sinensis are 409 μm in diameter (mean, n=30), and echinate microspores are 28 μm in length (mean, n=30); megaspores of I. orientalis have a cristate-reticulate ornamentation, with diameter of 420 μm (mean, n=30), microspores of this species have an echinate-tuberculate ornamentation with a size of 34 μm in length (mean, n=30). Based on the morphological characters of spores and chromosome numbers among taxa, it was found that mean spore size in each species of Iso{\"e}tes generally reflected the ploidy level. I. hypsophila, I. yunguiensis and I. taiwanensis, with smaller mean spore size, are diploidy with 2n=22; I. sinensis (2n=44) and I. orientalis (2n=66), with larger mean spore size, are polyploidy. The spore morphology of Iso{\"e}tes still plays an important role in identification and classification of Iso{\"e}tes from China.},
	keywords = {China, Evolution, Isoetes, Origin, Spore morphology},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-57349117891\&partnerID=40\&md5=f310ff0165e440259efb4b7c64314743},
	author = {Liu, X. and Liu, H. and Wang, Q.-F.}
}
@article {57,
	title = {Genetic diversity in Isoetes yunguiensis, a rare and endangered endemic fern in China},
	journal = {Frontiers of Biology in China},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2007},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996):6Export Date: 11 November 2013Source: Scopus},
	month = {2007///},
	pages = {46 - 49},
	abstract = {Isoetes yunguiensis is an endangered and endemic fern in China. Field survey indicated that only one population and no more than 50 individuals occur in the wild. The genetic variation of 46 individuals from the population remaining at Pingba (Guizhou Province, China) was assessed by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) finger-printing. Twelve primers were screened from sixty ten-bp arbitrary primers, and a total of 95 DNA fragments were scored. Of these, 62.1\% were polymorphic loci, which indicated that high level genetic variation existed in the natural population. The accumulation of genetic variation in the history of the taxon and the apparent minimal reduction effect on genetic diversity following destruction of habitat might be responsible for the high level genetic diversity presently remaining in the I. yunguiensis population. However, with the continuing decrease of population size, the genetic diversity will gradually be lost. We suggest that the materials from the extant population should be used for re-establishment of the populations. {\textcopyright} 2007 Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag.},
	keywords = {Endemic fern, Genetic diversity, Isoetes, Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), Rare and endangered},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-33847396236\&partnerID=40\&md5=ee6f56a9a5fcf2d93d7218f43862d556},
	author = {Chen, J. and Gituru, W.R. and Liu, X. and Wang, Q.}
}
