@article {100,
	title = {The utility of nuclear ITS, a LEAFY homolog intron, and chloroplast atpB-rbcL spacer region data in phylogenetic analyses and species delimitation in Iso{\"e}tes},
	journal = {American Fern Journal},
	volume = {91},
	year = {2001},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996):46Export Date: 11 November 2013Source: Scopus},
	month = {2001///},
	pages = {166 - 177},
	abstract = {Despite its ancient origins, its worldwide distribution, and adaptation to diverse habitats, Iso{\"e}tes has a highly conserved morphology. This feature has made it difficult to resolve species and species relationships using morphological characters. In this paper, we report the utility of nucleotide sequences from the nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions, chloroplast atpB/rbcL intergenic spacer region, and second intron of a LEAFY (LFY) homolog for identifying species relationships, delimiting basic diploid species, and determining hybrid origins. Variation in the ITS regions and atpB/rbcL spacer is most useful at the family level in Iso{\"e}tes and the LFY second intron is appropriate at the species and population level. The tree resulting from an analysis of the combined nuclear ITS and chloroplast atpB/rbcL spacer contains three major well supported clades (bootstrap >= 99\%): an Old-World/California clade (I. abyssinica, I. longissima, I. velata, I. nuttallii, and I. orcuttii), an Asian/Australian clade (I. taiwanensis, I. japonica, I. kirkii, and I. drummondii), and a poorly resolved clade consisting of nine North American species. To further resolve and delimit the North American species, a combination of the LEAFY second intron and ITS data was used. The resulting consensus tree has limited resolution, supporting the hypothesis that the North American species complex radiated rapidly. The combination of LFY and ITS data provided numerous characters, both substitutions and indels, that are useful in species delimitation and identification of cryptic species. ITS sequence data, through additive banding and sequence misalignment, is also useful in confirming interspecific hybrids and determining their parental origins.},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0040332183\&partnerID=40\&md5=e97f5c223e9a884b67c6347a0db81dd5},
	author = {Hoot, S.B. and Taylor, W.C.}
}
@article {101,
	title = {Systematics of the Northern Andean Iso{\"e}tes karstenii complex},
	journal = {American Fern Journal},
	volume = {91},
	year = {2001},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996):13Export Date: 11 November 2013Source: Scopus},
	month = {2001///},
	pages = {41 - 69},
	abstract = {The Iso{\"e}tes karstenii complex includes those species characterized by laevigate megaspores, acute to free ala apices, a highly reduced labium, and distributions in the high altitude p{\'a}ramos of Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador. These species have been variously treated in the literature. Many early authors placed all Andean laevigate-spored specimens in Iso{\"e}tes lechleri, a central Andean species, while one later author recognized up to eight northern Andean species distinct from I. lechleri. This research represents a revisionary study to determine the number and identity of the taxa in this complex. Multivariate and descriptive analyses of morphological data and chromosome counts were performed. Five species are recognized including the previously described I. karstenii and I. palmeri. One variety is transferred from I. lechleri to I. karstenii (I. karstenii var. anomala). Three of the recognized species are newly described: I. fuliginosa, I. hemivelata and I. precocia. Chromosome counts revealed that I. karstenii and I. precocia are diploids (2n = 22) and that I. palmeri is tetraploid (2n = 44). Estimates of chromosome number based on spore size for I. fuliginosa and I. hemivelata indicate that they are polyploid (2n >= 44).},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0038976036\&partnerID=40\&md5=b6f84ea9232d1f6136401b0eed965577},
	author = {Small, R.L. and Hickey, R.J.}
}
