@article {67,
	title = {Genetic consequence of restricted habitat and population decline in endangered Isoetes sinensis (Isoetaceae)},
	journal = {Annals of Botany},
	volume = {96},
	year = {2005},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996):19Export Date: 11 November 2013Source: Scopus},
	month = {2005///},
	pages = {1265 - 1274},
	abstract = {{\textbullet} Background and Aims: Isoetes sinensis (Isoeteaceae) is a critically endangered aquatic quillwort in eastern China. Rapid decline of extant population size and local population extinction have occurred in recent years and have raised great concerns among conservationists. {\textbullet} Methods: Amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) were used to investigate the genetic variation and population structure of seven extant populations of the species. {\textbullet} Key Results: Eight primer combinations produced a total of 343 unambiguous bands of which 210 (61{\textperiodcentered}2 \%) were polymorphic. Isoetes sinensis exhibited a high level of intra-population genetic diversity (H E) = 0{\textperiodcentered}118; hs = 0{\textperiodcentered}147; I = 0{\textperiodcentered}192; P = 35{\textperiodcentered}2 \%). The genetic variation within each of the populations was not positively correlated with their size, suggesting recent population decline, which is well in accordance with field data of demographic surveys. Moreover, a high degree of genetic differentiation (FST = 0{\textperiodcentered}535; G ST = 0{\textperiodcentered}608; θB = 0{\textperiodcentered}607) was detected among populations and no correlation was found between geographical and genetic distance, suggesting that populations were in disequilibrium of migration-drift. Genetic drift played a more important role than gene flow in the current population genetic structure of I. sinensis because migration of I. sinensis is predominantly water-mediated and habitat range was highly influenced by environment changes. {\textbullet} Conclusions: Genetic information obtained in the present study provides useful baseline data for formulating conservation strategies. Conservation management, including both reinforcement for in situ populations and ex situ conservation programmes should be carefully designed to avoid the potential risk of outbreeding depression by admixture of individuals from different regions. However, translocation within the same regional population should be considered as a measure of genetic enhancement to rehabilitate local populations. An ex situ conservation strategy for conserving all extant populations to maximize genomic representation of the species is also recommended. {\textcopyright} The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {AFLP, Genetic differentiation, Genetic diversity, Isoetes sinensis, Population structure, Pteridophyte},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-27944462292\&partnerID=40\&md5=26404edf2320e666820f93f6dd369ebf},
	author = {Kang, M. and Ye, Q. and Huang, H.}
}
@article {38,
	title = {Systematic evaluation of iso{\"e}tes asiatica makino (iso{\"e}taceae) based on AFLP, nrITS, and chloroplast DNA sequences},
	journal = {Journal of Plant Biology},
	volume = {52},
	year = {2009},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996):2Export Date: 11 November 2013Source: Scopus},
	month = {2009///},
	pages = {501 - 510},
	abstract = {On the basis of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and nucleotide sequence data from nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (nrITS) and three chloroplast DNA regions (rbcL, cpITS, and trnS-psbC spacer), we investigated the species delimitation and the evolutionary lineage of Iso{\"e}tes asiatica from Hokkaido, Japan. The neighbor-joining (NJ) dendrogram based on AFLP markers revealed the well-defined clusters (bootstrap value = 100\%) of I. asiatica. Results from the principal component analysis are largely congruent with those obtained in the NJ dendrogram. The maximum parsimony analysis, based on data from nrITS and three chloroplast DNA sequences, supported a monophyly of three species, I. asiatica, Iso{\"e}tes echinospora, and Iso{\"e}tes maritima from Hokkaido, Kamchatka, and Alaska regions. The distinct species status of I. asiatica was also well supported in the combined chloroplast DNA phylogeny. Therefore, I. asiatica appear to represent example of gradual speciation due to spatial isolation of ancestral populations followed by genetic divergence. Our results also suggest that I. asiatica is probably not the ancestral diploid of the polyploids occurring in East Asia. {\textcopyright} The Botanical Society of Korea 2009.},
	keywords = {AFLP, Chloroplast DNA, I. asiatica, Isoetes, Molecular phylogeny, NrITS},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-71249137227\&partnerID=40\&md5=029dcd01eab0eacc2d8c97b3953cb1ba},
	author = {Kim, C. and Na, H.R. and Shin, H. and Choi, H.-K.}
}
@article {45,
	title = {Genetic diversity and population structure of diploid and polyploid species of isoetes in east asia based on amplified fragment length polymorphism markers},
	journal = {International Journal of Plant Sciences},
	volume = {170},
	year = {2009},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996):5Export Date: 11 November 2013Source: Scopus},
	month = {2009///},
	pages = {496 - 504},
	abstract = {Isoetes L. is critically endangered in areas of East Asia, including Taiwan, Japan, and South Korea. The genetic diversity and the population structure of six Isoetes species from East Asia were evaluated by using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). Three AFLP-selective primer combinations generated a total 923 amplification products, of which 919 (99.6\%) were polymorphic. The levels of genetic diversity of two diploid species (I. taiwanensis [percentage of polymorphic loci (PPL) = 33.1\%-38.3\%] and I. asiatica [PPL = 49.0\%]) are higher than those of polyploid species (tetraploid: I. jejuensis [PPL = 9.3\%-29.3\%] and I. hallasanensis [PPL = 22.3\%]; hexaploid: I. coreana [PPL = 1.6\%-20.6\%] and I. japonica [PPL = 5.6\%-20.5\%]). Higher genetic differentiation was detected for populations of I. coreana (0B = 0.730) than for the diploid species I. taiwanensis (0B = 0.074). In addition, analysis of molecular variance showed that a large proportion (79.8\%) of genetic differentiation existed among population of I. coreana. However, 93.2\% of the total genetic variation was attributed to differentiation within populations of I. taiwanensis. A neighbor-joining dendrogram resulted in three clusters, one for I. asiatica, one for I. japonica, and one for the rest of the species, subdivided into two: (1) I. taiwanensis/I. jejuensis and (2) I. coreana/I. hallasanensis. Furthermore, individuals from each population of I. coreana and I. jejuensis were clustered into population-specific subclusters. The probable causes of the current pattern of genetic variation and population structure are discussed, and suggestions on the future protection of Isoetes species are also given. {\textcopyright} 2009 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {AFLP, Diploid, Genetic diversity, Isoetes, Polyploid, Population structure},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-67649230633\&partnerID=40\&md5=794650fbe3653559e7cb90004dfa45c6},
	author = {Kim, C. and Shin, H. and Choi, H.-K.}
}
@article {30,
	title = {Genetic diversity and population structure of the endangered alpine quillwort Isoetes hypsophila Hand.-Mazz. revealed by AFLP markers},
	journal = {Plant Systematics and Evolution},
	volume = {290},
	year = {2010},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996):6Export Date: 11 November 2013Source: Scopus},
	month = {2010///},
	pages = {127 - 139},
	abstract = {Isoetes hypsophila Hand.-Mazz. (Isoetaceae) is an endangered quillwort endemic to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Genetic variation and population structure of 12 I. hypsophila populations were examined by using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. Eight primer pairs produced a total of 472 unambiguous bands, of which 229 (48.5\%) were polymorphic. Intra-population genetic variation of Isoetes hypsophila was low (PP = 14.9\%, HE = 0.039, hs = 0.084 and I = 0.061). The F statistics calculated by different approaches consistently revealed high genetic differentiation among populations, contributing approximately 50\% of total gene diversity. Four genetic groups corresponding to four geographic regions were detected, indicating significant geographic structure. Our results suggest that both ongoing evolutionary forces (e.g., inbreeding system, bottlenecks resulting from fluctuation of water level) and historical events (e.g., orogenic movements which reduce gene flow among populations, repeated population retreat, and recolonization during ice ages) may have contributed to the genetic structure of I. hypsophila. In conservation, attention should be paid to preserving every population, and intra-region translocations can currently be recommended. {\textcopyright} 2010 Springer-Verlag.},
	keywords = {AFLP, Aquatic quillwort, Genetic structure, Isoetes hypsophila, Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-78149498133\&partnerID=40\&md5=4c18cfb671d1d50e919e742e3bf86593},
	author = {Chen, Y.-Y. and Liao, L. and Li, W. and Li, Z.-Z.}
}
