@article {229,
	title = {Geographic scales of genetic variation amongst Iso{\"e}tes in New Zealand},
	journal = {Aquatic Botany},
	volume = {131},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {28-37},
	abstract = {Endemic plants of the genus Iso{\"e}tes occur as obligate submerged species in freshwater lakes and slow-flowing waterways in New Zealand. Some populations of are under threat or extinct following habitatdeterioration. Genetic techniques have been employed to clarify population variation along geographicscales and to focus conservation efforts on unique, or representative populations. plants were sampledfrom a wide geographic range including lakes on both the North and South Island, with a finer spatialscale (sites and depths within lakes) investigated for four larger lakes within which a larger numberof plants could be collected. RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) profiles generated from eightprimers were determined for 254 plants from 20 lakes. The majority of the diversity was partitionedbetween (81\%) rather than within populations (19\%). Lakes were separated into four clusters (UPGMA),two clusters included only South Island lakes, one comprised a single North Island lake and the fourthcluster included lakes from a wide geographic range. There was a weak correlation between geographicand genetic distance indicating that factors other than isolation by distance determine variation betweenthe populations. As there is a high percentage of genetic variation between populations, the extinctionof any population would substantially reduce the total genetic variability for the species. In this contextthe recognition of the genetically distinct populations of Iso{\"e}tes and clustering of lakes has significantimplications for their contribution to the conservation of New Zealand Iso{\"e}tes as a whole.},
	author = {Hofstra, D. and de Winton, M.}
}
@article {Barni201339,
	title = {Estimating influence of environmental quality and management of channels on survival of a threatened endemic quillwort},
	journal = {Aquatic Botany},
	volume = {107},
	year = {2013},
	note = {cited By (since 1996)1},
	pages = {39-46},
	abstract = {Iso{\"e}tes malinverniana Ces. et De Not. is a narrow endemic quillwort occurring within channels used for rice fields water supply, in the lowland area of North Italy. The range of I. malinverniana is highly fragmented and in the last 10 years the whole population decreased by more than 80\%. This strong decline is assumed to be mainly related to the intensification of agricultural practices, which led to decreasing water quality, alteration of flow regimes and mechanized management. In order to highlight which of these factors may affect population performance and fate (persistence vs. extinction) of the species, plant cover, density and leaf length were measured, and a range of water and sediment parameters were analyzed at the plot scale, within the extant populations and in eight historical sites where I. malinvarniana recently disappeared. At least 4 out of 11 populations, characterized by cover values never exceeding 15\% and density hardly approaching 20plantsm-2, revealed scarce chance for survival, under current conditions. On the basis of discriminant analysis, nutrient enrichment did not result the main predictor of Iso{\"e}tes decline, as generally noticed for isoetids, since higher water nitrates, P, K and organic C content in the sediments were found in the sites where I. malinverniana showed the highest performance compared to sites of less viable populations. On the other hand, the high water depth, the strong increase of water flow during the rice growing season and the intensive mechanized management of channels, e.g. cutting of aquatic vegetation and dredging using excavators, were among the most important parameters explaining the disappearance of the species. Our findings may have useful implications for the conservation or restoration of I. malinverniana and other rare aquatic species occurring in running waters of lowland agricultural areas. Hydrological alterations and mechanized maintenance of channels should be restricted where the species still occurs, to improve population performance and seedling survival. {\textcopyright} 2013 Elsevier B.V.},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84876420255\&partnerID=40\&md5=9994a9a8ad4ab2cf51c2cfe59bfdeda6},
	author = {Barni, E.a and Minuzzo, C.a and Gatto, F.a and Lonati, M.b and Abeli, T.c and Amosso, C.c and Rossi, G.c and Siniscalco, C.a}
}
@article {Jung20141,
	title = {Genetic diversity and population structure of Indian Iso{\"e}tes dixitei Shende based on amplified fragment length polymorphisms and intron sequences of \{LEAFY\}},
	journal = {Aquatic Botany},
	volume = {113},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {1 - 7},
	abstract = {Abstract Iso{\"e}tes dixitei Shende is an endemic plant that grows in the Western Ghats, India. To evaluate the genetic diversity and the population structure of five I. dixitei populations from Maharashtra, we used amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers and second intron of \{LEAFY\} sequences. Four AFLP-selective primer combinations generated 756 bands, of which 97\% (735) from 154 individuals were polymorphic. In the analysis of the second intron of LEAFY, 103 sequences were generated and three types and 91 subtypes were obtained on considering the shared insertions/deletions and sequence similarity. The level of genetic diversity was high based on \{AFLP\} markers (mean Nei{\textquoteright}s unbiased expected heterozygosity [HE]\&$\#$xa0;=\&$\#$xa0;0.207) and the second intron of \{LEAFY\} sequences (HE\&$\#$xa0;=\&$\#$xa0;0.293). Estimated genetic differentiation among the populations was relatively low (θB\&$\#$xa0;=\&$\#$xa0;0.082 on \{AFLP\} and 0.038 on LEAFY), compared with other Iso{\"e}tes species. A substantial amount of gene flow among populations was observed (Nem\&$\#$xa0;=\&$\#$xa0;2.566 on \{AFLP\} and 2.855 on LEAFY). Moreover, a positive marginally significant correlation between genetic distances (ΦST) and geographical distances was detected by performing the Mantel test (r\&$\#$xa0;=\&$\#$xa0;0.598, P\&$\#$xa0;=\&$\#$xa0;0.062) based on \{AFLP\} markers. Iso{\"e}tes dixitei populations showed equilibrium of gene flow and genetic drift due to old-standing separation with sufficient gene flow. Two distinct groups were confirmed based on the genetic relationship: one contained two populations of Bhilar tableland (MB) and Wilson point (MW) while the other included three populations of Panchgani tableland (MP), Khingar tableland (MK), and Dandeghar tableland (MD).},
	keywords = {<!{\textendash} Tag Not Handled {\textendash}><keyword id="kw0025"><span style={\textquoteright}font-style: italic{\textquoteright}>LEAFY</span>},
	issn = {0304-3770},
	doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2013.10.009},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304377013001472},
	author = {Jongduk Jung and Sarvesh Kumar Singh and Harish Chandra Pande and Gopal Krishna Srivastava and Hong-Keun Choi}
}
@article {150,
	title = {The genus Iso{\"e}tes in Scandinavia: An ecological review and perspectives},
	journal = {Aquatic Botany},
	volume = {35},
	year = {1989},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996):26Export Date: 11 November 2013Source: Scopus},
	month = {1989///},
	pages = {223 - 261},
	abstract = {Information relating to the Scandinavian quillwort species, Iso{\"e}tes lacustris L. and I. setacea Lam. (syn. I. echinospora Durieu), is reviewed emphasizing their ecological adaptation to infertile and shaded habitats, where stress results from inadequate levels of light, available carbon and nutrients. In addition, their habitats can feature enhanced disturbance and stress arising from man-made and natural impacts; for example, acidification, eutrophication, water-level alteration, ice-scour and sediment instability. Quillworts have evolved a variety of mechanisms by which these adverse impacts can be mitigated. Such adaptations comprise carbon acquisition through crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM), high root biomass, slow turnover, resource reallocation on the vertical gradient of their habitat and other related features typical for an S-strategist (stress-tolerator). It is emphasized that success of this strategy by no means is guaranteed. In fact, the quillworts are ultimately victims of their own, insufficiently flexible, growth strategy under sustained adverse environmental impacts. Evidently I. setacea fares better than I. lacustris in this respect. This review identified a number of research areas which ought to be further advanced. Specifically we would like to emphasize the need for better insights into the extent and rate of vegetation changes driven by acidification. Contradictory evidence seems to exist on this issue. {\textcopyright} 1989.},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0024901597\&partnerID=40\&md5=38ed05415d044dd02ca7807d6be5da94},
	author = {R{\o}rslett, B. and Brettum, P.}
}
@article {165,
	title = {Metabolic adaptation and vertical zonation of Littorella uniflora (L.) Aschers. and Isoetes lacustris L.},
	journal = {Aquatic Botany},
	volume = {4},
	year = {1978},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996):10Export Date: 11 November 2013Source: Scopus},
	month = {1978///},
	pages = {1 - 10},
	abstract = {The seasonal variation of photosynthesis and respiration was investigated in the two dominating plant species of contrasting vertical zonation in the oligotrophic Lake Kalgaard, Denmark, namely Littorella uniflora (L.) Aschers. (0-2 m) and Isoetes lacustris L. (2.0-4.5 m). The photosynthesis at a given temperature in low or high irradiance, and the chlorophyll content of Littorella and Isoetes were almost independent of season. In accordance with the zonation, the light-saturated net photosynthesis of Littorella was consistently higher compared with Isoetes and the difference increased with temperature (5-20{\textdegree}C). The photosynthesis in low irradiance, on the other hand, was often slightly, but not significantly, higher in Isoetes and, despite its higher chlorophyll content and lower specific leaf area, the slope of the initial part of the photosynthesis-light curve was rather similar for the two species. The dark respiration of the underground parts was lower than the leaf respiration and, in addition, the respiration was lower for Isoetes than for Littorella. The physiological responses are discussed in relation to the ecological conditions in oligotrophic lakes and to the distributional pattern of the two species. {\textcopyright} 1978.},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0002036139\&partnerID=40\&md5=10106045a111768457d8024b24b026a9},
	author = {Sand-Jensen, K.}
}
@article {138,
	title = {Dynamic response of the submerged macrophyte, Isoetes lacustris, to alternating light levels under field conditions},
	journal = {Aquatic Botany},
	volume = {51},
	year = {1995},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996):20Export Date: 11 November 2013Source: Scopus},
	month = {1995///},
	pages = {223 - 242},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0028982451\&partnerID=40\&md5=69a1b09c337b29b1939d511bea5e47fd},
	author = {Rorslett, B. and Johansen, S.W.}
}
@article {143,
	title = {Production of Isoetes lacustris in a Pyrenean lake: Seasonality and ecological factors involved in the growing period},
	journal = {Aquatic Botany},
	volume = {48},
	year = {1994},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996):15Export Date: 11 November 2013Source: Scopus},
	month = {1994///},
	pages = {77 - 89},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0028159936\&partnerID=40\&md5=efc7c11d4bd991282dc11c61e9b0a507},
	author = {Gacia, E. and Ballesteros, E.}
}
@article {145,
	title = {Population and individual variability of Isoetes lacustris L. with depth in a Pyrenean lake},
	journal = {Aquatic Botany},
	volume = {46},
	year = {1993},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996):11Export Date: 11 November 2013Source: Scopus},
	month = {1993///},
	pages = {35 - 47},
	abstract = {Structural (density and biomass), morphological and phenological characteristics of a population of Isoetes lacustris L. in a high mountain lake in the Pyrenees were studied. Changes in these parameters along a depth gradient can be used to distinguish a shallow water population (0.3-1.3 m depth) from a deep water population (1.8-2.3 m depth). Density of individuals decreased with depth, while biomass, size, size diversity and fertility showed the opposite pattern. The effect of ice-scour during winter together with a lower organic matter content in shallow areas are suggested as the main ecological factors responsible for these differences. Extremely high biomass values, when compared with North European populations of I. lacustris, seem to be related to a higher light availability in Pyrenean lakes. High rates of sedimentation causing burying of individuals and light depletion can explain the sharp, shallow lower boundary of the distribution of I. lacustris in Lake Baciver. {\textcopyright} 1993.},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0027878362\&partnerID=40\&md5=9b9a525ee71441485f2320e50af1ec17},
	author = {Gacia, E. and Ballesteros, E.}
}
@article {119,
	title = {Fungal associations in the roots of three species of Isoetes L.},
	journal = {Aquatic Botany},
	volume = {61},
	year = {1998},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996):3Export Date: 11 November 2013Source: Scopus},
	month = {1998///},
	pages = {33 - 37},
	abstract = {A fungal association has been described in the roots of three species of lsoetes which flourish during the rainy season in Rajasthan (India). The mycelium is septate, branched and forms bunches of intracellular hyphae in cortical cells of young roots. The association is symbiotic and is not influenced by habitat, i.e. while the host plant is aquatic, amphibious or terrestrial. This is the first report of a fungal association with the roots of the taxon Isoetes.},
	keywords = {Association, Fungi, Isoetes, Roots},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0032078046\&partnerID=40\&md5=889c7296fb92f9ff06715d43eac6d16b},
	author = {Sharma, B.D.}
}
@article {120,
	title = {Sulfate reduction in lake sediments inhabited by the isoetid macrophytes Littorelia uniflora and isoetes lacustris},
	journal = {Aquatic Botany},
	volume = {60},
	year = {1998},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996):22Export Date: 11 November 2013Source: Scopus},
	month = {1998///},
	pages = {307 - 324},
	abstract = {Sulfur cycling was examined in sediments inhabited with the isoetids Littorella uniflora and Isoetes lacustris in the oligotrophic soft-water Lake Kalgaard, Denmark. Based on short-term tracer incubations sulfate reduction was measured along a transect from the shore (0.6 m) to profundal sediments (4.6 m). The sulfate reduction rates were low (0.008-0.8 mmol m-2 d-1) in the sandy shallow sediments with low organic content (\&lt; 1.3 mmol C g-1 sed DW) and high redox potentials (\&gt; 100 mV), whereas sulfate reduction was higher at the deeper sites (2.7-4.6 mmol m-2 d-1) with high organic content (max. 11.5 mmol C g-1 sed DW) and lower redox potentials (\&lt; 100 mV). High concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were found in the low particulate organic sediments (up to 18.4 mM), and most of the DOC pool consisted of acetate (40-77\%). Reoxidation of sulfides due to root oxygen release was probably important at all sites and a positive efflux of sulfate across the sediment-water interface was measured, attaining rates (up to 4.8 mmol m-2 d-1) similar to the sulfate reduction rates. Reoxidation of sulfides was also manifested by high fraction (\&gt; 80\%) of reduced sulfides being accumulated as elemental sulfur or pyrite (chromium reducible sulfur, CRS). The largest pools of CRS were found in high organic sediment with vertical distributions resembling those of the sulfate reduction rates. The overall effect of isoetid growth on sulfur cycling in the rhizosphere is a suppression of sulfate reduction in low organic sediments and the governing of sulfide reoxictation in sediments with higher organic content.},
	keywords = {Dissolved organic carbon, Freshwater, Submerged macrophytes, Sulfate reduction, Sulfur pools},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0032051759\&partnerID=40\&md5=cedb9f2713f49909e7234473be0de561},
	author = {Holmer, M. and Jensen, H.S. and Christensen, K.K. and Wigand, C. and Andersen, F.O.}
}
@article {88,
	title = {The use of pulse amplitude modulated fluorometry to determine fine-scale temporal and spatial variation of in situ photosynthetic activity within an Isoetes-dominated canopy},
	journal = {Aquatic Botany},
	volume = {77},
	year = {2003},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996):7Export Date: 11 November 2013Source: Scopus},
	month = {2003///},
	pages = {1 - 15},
	abstract = {We used in situ pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) fluorometry to investigate photosynthetic activity of Isoetes alpinus (Kirk) in submerged meadows of Lake Wanaka, New Zealand. We examined diel and depth-related variability in the quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII) under varying ambient light, as well as variability due to self-shading effects within the I. alpinus canopy and inter-leaf differences. We also determined the utility of short-term (minutes) irradiance versus yield estimates in assessing longer-term responses to fluctuating light. Results showed that under natural lighting, PSII yield was highly variable within the plant canopy for a given irradiance incident to that canopy, ranging from 0.02 to 0.80. This variability could be explained by relating PSII yield to irradiance within the canopy measured using a miniature scalar irradiance sensor. For individual plants, yield and irradiance were closely related, and quantitatively similar yield-irradiance (Y-E) curves were obtained for plants from a given depth by experiments using diel, short-term (seconds) and in-canopy irradiance changes. Maximum fluorescence yield consistently averaged 0.55-0.65 and the light saturation parameter (E k(Y)) at 3 m depth ranged from 189 to 247. There were water depth-related differences between mean responses of the I. alpinus canopy; individual leaves from the maximum and minimum growth depths (7 and 3 m) showed ranges of (Ek(J)) of 159-228 and 109-151 μmol m-2 s-1, respectively. Irradiance alone is the dominant determinant of PSII activity in I. alpinus in Lake Wanaka, and accurate description of light within a canopy is a pre-requisite to estimating community photosynthesis. This, combined with a comprehensive assessment of the variability of individual plant responses to irradiance, by depth, may provide a sound basis for modelling community activity. We conclude that, by its ability to obtain fine-scale activity measurements rapidly, and with no enclosure or disturbance effects, PAM fluorometry offers new insights to the activity of specific plants and parts of plants in complex submerged canopies. It remains to be determined, however, whether PAM-determined quantum yield of PSII in these plants can be directly related to carbon fixation. {\textcopyright} 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Irradiance, Isoetes alpinus (Kirk), Lake Wanaka, PAM fluorometry, Photosynthesis, Quantum yield},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0041739174\&partnerID=40\&md5=95dca62193f6e14eb91681e33c00b52d},
	author = {Hawes, I. and Sutherland, D. and Hanelt, D.}
}
@article {83,
	title = {Water velocity and irradiance effects on internal transport and metabolism of methane in submerged Isoetes alpinus and Potamogeton crispus},
	journal = {Aquatic Botany},
	volume = {79},
	year = {2004},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996):3Export Date: 11 November 2013Source: Scopus},
	month = {2004///},
	pages = {189 - 202},
	abstract = {Submerged aquatic macrophytes are important methane (CH4) transport pathways, but little is known about how water velocity and illumination affect plant CH4 transport. We studied CH4 transport in vitro in fully-submerged plants of two aquatic macrophytes, Isoetes alpinus and Potamogeton crispus, comparing transport between two water velocities (0.5 and 90 mm s-1) and light versus dark treatments at the shoots. In I. alpinus, CH4 taken up by the roots accumulated in the lacunar system of the leaves at concentrations \&gt;40 μmol l-1 at both flow rates, but there was no release from the shoots to the water at flow = 0.5 mm s-1, whereas at 90 mm s-1 release from the shoots to the water was always \&gt;0.15 μmol (CH4 g-1 dry wt. h-1). Uptake of CH4 by the roots was 1.5 times greater at the higher than the lower water velocity. In P. crispus, a gradient in lacunar [CH4] developed from the base to the apex of the shoot and was steeper at the higher than the lower water velocity. CH4 release rates from the shoots were \&lt;0.1 μmol (CH4 g-1 dry wt. h-1) at both water velocities in this species, due to CH 4 consumption by epiphytic methanotrophic bacteria. Irradiance and its associated root aeration had no effect on CH4 transport in I. alpinus, but decreased root to shoot CH4 transport and release more than 10-fold in P. crispus, apparently by alleviating effects of hypoxia on the root-associated methanotrophic bacteria. Our data support the view that plant-associated methanotrophs are important CH4 sinks in freshwater habitats, and demonstrate the importance of flow velocity in the CH4 dynamics of submerged macrophytes. {\textcopyright} 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {CH4, Diffusion, Lacunar system, O2, Submerged macrophytes},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-2642545092\&partnerID=40\&md5=9d9974a9e87e34dbe2225f98137ef822},
	author = {Sorrell, B.K. and Downes, M.T.}
}
@article {72,
	title = {Genetic variation within the endangered quillwort Iso{\"e}tes hypsophila (Isoetaceae) in China as evidenced by ISSR analysis},
	journal = {Aquatic Botany},
	volume = {82},
	year = {2005},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996):21Export Date: 11 November 2013Source: Scopus},
	month = {2005///},
	pages = {89 - 98},
	abstract = {The genetic diversity of 56 individuals of Iso{\"e}tes hypsophila Hand.-Mazz. from China was investigated by ISSR. Twelve primers were screened from 65 primers, and a total of 119 DNA fragments were scored, of these, 82\% were polymorphic bands, which indicated that high levels of genetic variation existed in the natural populations. Genetic diversity varied greatly among populations with the percentage of polymorphic band (PPB) values ranging from 8 to 35\%. An analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) was used to apportion the variation between regions, among populations within regions, and within populations. Results indicated that most of the variance (85\%) occurred between Yunnan and Sichuan. The variances among populations within regions and within populations, however, were only 5 and 10\%, respectively. In the among-population analysis, the larger part of genetic variation (77\%) resided among populations, and less (23\%) presented differences within populations. UPGMA cluster analysis showed that there was no distinct genetic differentiation between populations from Sichuan province. A number of causes including limited gene flow, genetic drift and inbreeding might have led to these observed genetic profiles of I. hypsophila. {\textcopyright} 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Conservation, Endangered, Genetic variation, Isoetes hypsophila, ISSR},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-20444420155\&partnerID=40\&md5=c58709593caeba345cf50c4fba7d6213},
	author = {Chen, J.-M. and Liu, X. and Wang, J.-Y. and Robert, G.W. and Wang, Q.-F.}
}
@article {51,
	title = {Genetic diversity and population structure of endangered Isoetes coreana in South Korea based on RAPD analysis},
	journal = {Aquatic Botany},
	volume = {89},
	year = {2008},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996):13Export Date: 11 November 2013Source: Scopus},
	month = {2008///},
	pages = {43 - 49},
	abstract = {Isoetes coreana Chung and Choi is on the list of critically endangered species in South Korea. Using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers, we investigated the genetic diversity within and between seven local populations of I. coreana. Ten RAPD primers produced a total of 94 bands, of which 59 (62.8\%) were polymorphic. A low level of genetic diversity was recognized within the populations of I. coreana: polymorphic loci (P), with values ranging from 3.4\% to 33.9\%, and a mean value of 15.5\% being observed. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that genetic diversity was greater among populations (81.6\%) than within populations (19.7\%) or among the three regions included in this study (Han River, Youngsan River, and Nakdong River). In addition, a high degree of genetic differentiation (θB = 0.742) was detected among the populations. These results indicate that genetic differentiation has occurred very rapidly. However, the rate of gene flow between populations was found to be as low as 0.059, irrespective of the genetic and geographical distances between the populations, which indicates that genetic drift must have played an important role in forming the present populations of I. coreana. Because a reduction of genetic diversity as a result of genetic drift is undesirable, increasing the gene flow between populations of Korean quillwort I. coreana should be considered as a conservation strategy. {\textcopyright} 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Conservation, Gene flow, Genetic diversity, Isoetes coreana, Population structure, RAPD},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-43049156535\&partnerID=40\&md5=6ec64294ed27758f6ffbdd47207484c0},
	author = {Kim, C. and Na, H.R. and Choi, H.-K.}
}
@article {47,
	title = {High allozyme diversity and unidirectional linear migration patterns within a population of tetraploid Isoetes sinensis, a rare and endangered pteridophyte},
	journal = {Aquatic Botany},
	volume = {90},
	year = {2009},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996):7Export Date: 11 November 2013Source: Scopus},
	month = {2009///},
	pages = {52 - 58},
	abstract = {Isoetes sinensis (Isoetaceae), an aquatic quillwort which occurs only in two fragmented sites of China as an allotetraploid, is critically endangered. Genetic variation among eight subpopulations of I. sinensis was examined in the Xin{\textquoteright}an River (119{\textdegree}14'-15'E, 29{\textdegree}28'N) by using allozyme polymorphism. Eighteen loci of 10 enzyme systems were examined and used for the analysis of population genetic parameters. As expected for allotetraploids, fixed heterozygosity was found at four loci. A high level of genetic diversity was observed in the population, with mean number of alleles per loci of 1.8, and mean percentage of polymorphic loci of 55.6\%, which were much higher than the average values in fern species. The genetic variation within each subpopulation was not positively correlated with its size, which may be explained by high gene flow (Nm = 2.57), clonal reproduction and fixed heterozygosity of allopolyploid. The I. sinensis population contained high clonal diversity (PD = 0.39, D = 0.95), indicating the successful seedling recruitment of the population. Significant positive relationship was detected between clonal diversity and the size of subpopulation. Partitioning the genetic diversity indicated that 91.1\% of the genetic variation was within subpopulations and only 8.9\% existed among subpopulations. The migration pattern of I. sinensis along the Xin{\textquoteright}an River is best explained by a source-sink model, but with unidirectional gene flow among subpopulations underlined by hydrochoric force. The results were then discussed in relation to both in situ and ex situ conservation efforts of the population. {\textcopyright} 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Allotetraploid, Genetic diversity, Hydrochory, Isoetes, Riparian plant, Unidirectional migration},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-54249105798\&partnerID=40\&md5=962f14606c468408a8b8d98333cd3292},
	author = {Chen, Y.-Y. and Yang, W. and Li, W. and Li, Z.-Z. and Huang, H.-W.}
}
@article {34,
	title = {Population structure and genetic diversity of the threatened quillwort Iso{\"e}tes malinverniana and implication for conservation},
	journal = {Aquatic Botany},
	volume = {93},
	year = {2010},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996):4Export Date: 11 November 2013Source: Scopus},
	month = {2010///},
	pages = {147 - 152},
	abstract = {The goal of this research was to investigate genetic variation in Iso{\"e}tes malinverniana (Iso{\"e}taceae) to select candidate populations for future conservation efforts. To this aim, ISSR and AFLP analyses, carried out using six and four primer combinations, respectively, produced a total of 425 bands, 97.18\% of which were polymorphic.Our results suggest that I. malinverniana shows medium to high genetic diversity (mean Nei{\textquoteright}s genetic diversity: H=0.1491 for ISSR data; H=0.2289 for AFLP data) and a substantial amount of gene flow between the analysed populations (Nm=1.768, with combined ISSR and AFLP data). The moderate levels of population differentiation support the hypothesis that the fragmentation and isolation of I. malinverniana occurred only recently, probably due to the intensive agriculture practice and water pollution.These results will be used to focus further studies aimed at supporting reintroduction programs within suitable sites of the distribution area. {\textcopyright} 2010 Elsevier B.V.},
	keywords = {Conservation genetics, Extinction risk, Isoetaceae, Population, Restoration, Running water},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77955845287\&partnerID=40\&md5=df5273cde7b8b010183cdbc8b09b8b06},
	author = {Gentili, R. and Abeli, T. and Rossi, G. and Li, M. and Varotto, C. and Sgorbati, S.}
}
@article {21,
	title = {Microsatellite analysis reveals the genetic structure and gene flow of the aquatic quillwort Isoetes sinensis, a critically endangered species in China},
	journal = {Aquatic Botany},
	volume = {96},
	year = {2012},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996):1Export Date: 11 November 2013Source: Scopus},
	month = {2012///},
	pages = {52 - 57},
	abstract = {Isoetes sinensis is a critically endangered aquatic quillwort, occurring in two fragmented sites of China (Xiuning county of Anhui; Jiande county of Zhejiang). During a five-year period (2004-2009), the areas and sizes of the two populations diminished dramatically due to intensive human activities. Genetic structure of the species was investigated using simple sequence repeat makers (SSRs). For seven nuclear microsatellites, high levels of genetic diversity were found within populations (H E=0.324-0.447). Strong genetic differentiation was detected between populations (G ST=0.376), while weak genetic differentiation was found within populations (G ST=0.026-0.080). Notably, in contrast to the source-sink model suggested by previous study (Chen et al., 2009), the migration pattern of I. sinensis along the Xin{\textquoteright}an River is best explained by the linear symmetrical non-adjacent flow model (LSNF), which indicates that intensive human activities of recent years have greatly affected the gene exchange pattern among I. sinensis subpopulations. {\textcopyright} 2011 Elsevier B.V.},
	keywords = {Allotetraploid, Genetic diversity, Isoetes, Migration pattern, Riparian plant, Stepping-stone model},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84855293635\&partnerID=40\&md5=824e647a2989ecda4486a69d98cdaac2},
	author = {Chen, Y.-Y. and Kong, D.-R. and Huang, C.-H. and Xu, Y.-X. and Li, Z.-Z.}
}
@article {25,
	title = {The incidence of arbuscular mycorrhiza in two submerged Iso{\"e}tes species},
	journal = {Aquatic Botany},
	volume = {94},
	year = {2011},
	note = {Cited By (since 1996):4Export Date: 11 November 2013Source: Scopus},
	month = {2011///},
	pages = {183 - 187},
	abstract = {We investigated the occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the roots of Iso{\"e}tes lacustris and I. echinospora. These submerged lycopsids are the only macrophyte species inhabiting the bottom of two acidified glacial lakes in the Czech Republic. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi were detected in the roots of both species but the percentage of root colonization was both low and variable. Nevertheless, planting Littorella uniflora in the sediments from Iso{\"e}tes rhizosphere revealed high levels of viable AM propagules in both lakes. While AM colonization of Iso{\"e}tes roots did not exceed 25\%, the average colonization of Littorella roots amounted to more than 80\%. Although colonization of quillwort roots by AM fungi is evident, the taxonomic identity and role of these AM fungi in plant growth remain unclear. In addition to AM fungi, root-colonizing dark septate endophytic fungi were observed in both Iso{\"e}tes species. {\textcopyright} 2011 Elsevier B.V.},
	keywords = {Aquatic macrophytes, Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Dark septate endophytes, Quillwort},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-79953164573\&partnerID=40\&md5=00cef5ce917f80a3346386852c97d3e4},
	author = {Sudov{\'a}, R. and Rydlov{\'a}, J. and {\v C}tvrtl{\'\i}kov{\'a}, M. and Havr{\'a}nek, P. and Adamec, L.}
}
