01570nas a2200217   4500008004100000245010000041210006900141260001200210300001400222490000800236520085800244653001201102653002101114653001201135653001701147653002201164653001701186100001601203700001701219856011601236       1989                        eng d00aMorphogenetic plastid migration and microtubule organization during megasporogenesis in Isoetes0 aMorphogenetic plastid migration and microtubule organization dur  c1989///  a136 - 1470 v1523 aThe large megasporocytes of Isoetes provide an exceptional system for studying microtubule dynamics in monoplastidic meiosis where plastid polarity assures coordination of plastid and nuclear division by the intimate association of MTOCs with plastids. Division and migration of the plastid in prophase establishes the tetrahedrally arranged cytoplasmic domains of the future spore tetrad and the four plastid-MTOCs serve as focal points of a unique quadripolar microtubule system (QMS). The QMS is a dynamic structure which functions in plastid deployment and contributes directly to development of both first and second division spindles. The nucleation of microtubules at discrete plastid-MTOCs is compared with centrosomal nucleation of microtubules in animal cells where growth of microtubules involves dynamic instability. © 1989 Springer-Verlag.10aIsoetes10amegasporogenesis10ameiosis10aMicrotubules10aMitotic apparatus10aMonoplastidy1 aBrown, R.C.1 aLemmon, B.E.  uhttp://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0001447651&partnerID=40&md5=8b7012cd1332d93eee67552099d26e3801763nas a2200217   4500008004100000245012400041210006900165260001200234300001300246490000800259520103800267653001201305653001701317653001201334653001301346653002101359653001601380100001601396700001701412856011601429       1984                        eng d00aPlastid apportionment and preprophase microtubule bands in monoplastidic root meristem cells of Isoetes and Selaginella0 aPlastid apportionment and preprophase microtubule bands in monop  c1984///  a95 - 1030 v1233 aUltrastructural observations on monoplastidic root tip cells of Isoetes and Selaginella demonstrate two important phenomena associated with preprophasic preparation for mitotic cell division, 1. the preprophase band and 2. precise orientation of the dividing plastid relative to the preprophase band. Both of these phenomena accurately predict the future plane of cell division. The plastid divides in a plane parallel to the spindle and each cell inherits a single plastid which caps the telophase nucleus. When succesive transverse divisions occur, the plastid migrates prior to prophase from a position near an old transverse wall to a lateral position in the cell. The plastid is oriented with its median constriction precisely intersected by the plane of the preprophase band. When a longitudinal division follows a transverse division, the plastid remains in its position adjacent to an old transverse wall where it is bisected by the plane of the longitudinally oriented preprophase band microtubules. © 1984 Springer-Verlag.10aIsoetes10aMicrotubules10aMitosis10aPlastids10aPreprophase Band10aSelaginella1 aBrown, R.C.1 aLemmon, B.E.  uhttp://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0002906412&partnerID=40&md5=b3cea711cdf0bf1636ca85aff68bf55302381nas a2200253   4500008004100000245013000041210006900171260001200240300001600252490000700268520155900275653001501834653001101849653001201860653002101872653001201893653002301905653001501928653002201943100001701965700001701982700001201999856011602011       1996                        eng d00aBiosystematic studies on the genus Isoetes (Isoetaceae) in Japan. II. Meiotic behavior and reproductive mode of each cytotype0 aBiosystematic studies on the genus Isoetes Isoetaceae in Japan I  c1996///  a1309 - 13220 v833 aMeiotic behaviors and reproductive modes of Japanese Isoetes were studied. The hexaploid (2n = 66) and the octaploid (2n = 88) of I. japonica consistently formed 33 and 44 bivalents, respectively, at diakinesis and/or metaphase I in both micro- and megaspore mother cells. The tetraploid (2n = 44) of I. sinensis formed 22 bivalents and its hexaploid made 33 bivalents in both types of spore mother cells. At diakinesis and/or metaphase I of microspore mother cells in I. asiatica with 2n = 22, 11 bivalents were detected. Because behaviors of meiosis in all cytotypes mentioned above were quite regular and plants yielded normal-appearing spores, they should reproduce sexually. Aneuploids of I. japonica with 2n = 87 formed 43 bivalents and one univalent, and I. sinensis with 2n = 65 formed 32 bivalents and one univalent in microspore mother cells. Meiosis of both cytotypes was almost regular and yielded microspores of normal appearance. In the heptaploid (2n = 77) of I. japonica, a configuration of 22 bivalents and 33 univalents was detected in micro- and megaspore mother cells, and various irregularities were observed throughout the meiotic divisions. Therefore, the genomic formula of the heptaploid is symbolized as AABBCDE, and the heptaploid is a sterile F 1 hybrid between the hexaploid (AABBCC) and the octaploid (AABBDDEE) of I. japonica. Since diploid and even-numbered polyploids regularly formed bivalents and odd-numbered ones displayed irregularities, allopolyploidy should act as a significant speciation mechanism in this genus.10aChromosome10aHybrid10aIsoetes10amegasporogenesis10ameiosis10amicrosporogene sis10apolyplo id10areproductive mode1 aTakamiya, M.1 aWatanabe, M.1 aOno, K.  uhttp://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0030475989&partnerID=40&md5=996182a1723b75d447e3a2137006f7bd02130nas a2200241   4500008004100000245014400041210006900185260001200254300001400266490000800280520133600288653001301624653001201637653001401649653001501663653001501678653001501693100001701708700001701725700001801742700001201760856011601772       1996                        eng d00aBiosystematic studies on the genus Isoetes (Isoetaceae) in Japan. III. Variability within qualitative and quantitative morphology of spores0 aBiosystematic studies on the genus Isoetes Isoetaceae in Japan I  c1996///  a281 - 2960 v1093 aQualitative and quantitative characteristics of mega- and microspores from all the cytotypes of Japanese Isoetes are described based on the voucher specimens whose chromosome numbers were known. In I. japonica, the hexaploid possessed reticulate megaspores and levigate microspores, while the octaploid and the heptaploid had echinate microspores. Mega- and microspores of the hexaploid and the octaploid were of normal appearance, while those of the heptaploid displayed polymorphism. The tetraploid and the hexaploid of I. sinensis resembled each other, since they both possessed cristate megaspores and echinate microspores. Echinate megaspores and levigate microspores characterized the diploid I. asiatica. The spore size was largely variable within each cytotype, while the size of the megaspores varied more than that of the microspores. The microspore length was closely correlated with polyploid level. In I. sinensis, the mean microspore length of the tetraploid was 27.6 μm while that of the hexaploid was 31.9 μm, hence these two cytotypes were easily distinguishable. In the hexaploid I. japonica, variations in mega- and microspore size displayed geoclinal variation showing a positive correlation (r=0.43-0.55) with the longitude and the latitude of the populations. A palynotogical key for cytotypes is presented.10aCytotype10aIsoetes10aMegaspore10aMicrospore10aPalynology10aPolyploidy1 aWatanabe, M.1 aTakamiya, M.1 aMatsusaka, T.1 aOno, K.  uhttp://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0030495119&partnerID=40&md5=def6cedc48f4ad43b95e6e4eb0cbc75e01798nas a2200229   4500008004100000245010400041210006900145260001200214300001400226490000800240520106000248653001401308653002201322653001801344653001201362653001401374653001701388100001701405700001701422700001201439856011701451       1994                        eng d00aBiosystematic studies on the genus Isoetes in Japan I. Variations of the somatic chromosome numbers0 aBiosystematic studies on the genus Isoetes in Japan I Variations  c1994///  a289 - 2970 v1073 aThe somatic chromosome number of three Japanese species of Isoetes, I. asiatica, I. japonica and I. sinensis, was determined in 199 individuals from 49 populations. The chromosome number of I. asiatica was 2 n=22, confirming previous reports. However, I. japonica and I. sinensis displayed a diversity in chromosome number. Six cytotypes, 2 n=66, 67, 77, 87, 88 and 89, were found in I. japonica; 2 n=67, 87, 88 and 89 are new counts in the genus Isoetes. The plants with 2 n=66 were the most frequent (72% of total individuals examined) and were distributed throughout Honshu and Shikoku. The plants with 2 n=88 occurred in western Honshu and a limited region in northeastern Honshu where the plants with 2 n=77 were also found. In contrast, four cytotypes, 2 n=44, 65, 66 and 68, were found in I. sinensis. The chromosome numbers of I. sinensis were reported here for the first time. The plants with 2 n=44 occurred only in Kyushu, while the plants with 2 n=66 were found throughout a large area of western Japan. © 1994 The Botanical Society of Japan.10aAneuploid10aChromosome number10aCytogeography10aIsoetes10aPolyploid10aPteridophyta1 aTakamiya, M.1 aWatanabe, M.1 aOno, K.  uhttp://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-21844512580&partnerID=40&md5=5cb0d06bc24499fb20d76da2946e91ea01881nas a2200229   4500008004100000245008100041210006900122260001200191300001400203490000800217520117800225653001301403653001201416653001601428653001201444653001701456653001201473100001701485700001601502700001701518856011601535       1992                        eng d00aMicrotubule arrays during mitosis in monoplastidic root tip cells of Isoetes0 aMicrotubule arrays during mitosis in monoplastidic root tip cell  c1992///  a123 - 1330 v1673 aMitosis in monoplastidic root tip cells of Isoetes was studied by fluorescence (confocal laser scanning microscopy) and transmission electron microscopy. The two major components of division polarity, spindle axis and division site, are established more or less simultaneously in preprophase. Morphogenetic plastid migration results in positioning of a daughter plastid at each pole of the future spindle. Concomitant with establishment of the spindle axis, the division site is marked by a girdling band of mirotubules (preprophase band). Endoplasmic microtubules interconnect the polar plastids and preprophase band suggesting a mechanism for communication and final alignment of spindle axis and division site. As in other monoplastidic cells, the spindle appears to emanate from the plastids. In telophase, the focus of microtubules shifts to the reforming nuclei as the phragmoplast is initiated. Microtubules which continue to emanate from plastids are incorporated into the phragmoplast as it expands beyond the interzonal region. Cortical microtubules are restored in a random fashion before assuming a transverse arrangement in interphase. © 1992 Springer-Verlag.10aConfocal10aIsoetes10aMicrotubule10aMitosis10aMonoplastidy10aPlastid1 aCleary, A.L.1 aBrown, R.C.1 aLemmon, B.E.  uhttp://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0000314665&partnerID=40&md5=9574acecdc52183ede5fc00cd7f2075801040nas a2200181   4500008004100000245006800041210006700109260001200176300001200188490000700200520047000207653001600677653001000693653001200703653001000715100001700725856011600742       1998                        eng d00aFungal associations in the roots of three species of Isoetes L.0 aFungal associations in the roots of three species of Isoetes L  c1998///  a33 - 370 v613 aA fungal association has been described in the roots of three species of lsoetes which flourish during the rainy season in Rajasthan (India). The mycelium is septate, branched and forms bunches of intracellular hyphae in cortical cells of young roots. The association is symbiotic and is not influenced by habitat, i.e. while the host plant is aquatic, amphibious or terrestrial. This is the first report of a fungal association with the roots of the taxon Isoetes.10aAssociation10aFungi10aIsoetes10aRoots1 aSharma, B.D.  uhttp://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0032078046&partnerID=40&md5=889c7296fb92f9ff06715d43eac6d16b01128nas a2200229   4500008004100000245010400041210006900145260001200214300001400226490000700240520039300247653001500640653001200655653001800667653001400685653001800699653001300717100002000730700001700750700001500767856011600782       2001                        eng d00aIsoetes mattaponica (Isoetaceae), a new diploid quillwort from freshwater tidal marshes of Virginia0 aIsoetes mattaponica Isoetaceae a new diploid quillwort from fres  c2001///  a200 - 2040 v113 aIsoetes mattaponica is a rare quillwort of freshwater tidal rivers of eastern Virginia with a somatic chromosome number of 2n = 22. Megaspores have low regulate muri on both the proximal and distal surfaces; the girdle is broad. Microspores are echinate-spinose with ornamented spines. Isoetes mattaponica may be one of the parents of several polyploids in the Southeastern United States.10aIsoetaceae10aIsoetes10aNorth America10aQuillwort10aUnited States10aVirginia1 aMusselman, L.J.1 aTaylor, W.C.1 aBray, R.D.  uhttp://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0034905622&partnerID=40&md5=0a918d8dca0158c2b1216f1b1f080cd002233nas a2200241   4500008004100000245008100041210006900122260001200191300001600203490000800219520151000227653001201737653001601749653001201765653001901777653001301796653001501809653001501824653000901839100001401848700001301862856011601875       2001                        eng d00aBasal meristem and root development in Isoetes asiatica and Isoetes japonica0 aBasal meristem and root development in Isoetes asiatica and Isoe  c2001///  a1225 - 12350 v1623 aWe studied the anatomy of the basal meristem and root development in Isoetes asiatica and Isoetes japonica to better understand the Isoetes rhizomorph, an enigmatic organ. The basal (root-producing) meristem of the rhizomorph is continuous with the lateral meristem, and both comprise a single meristem. The basal meristem with a layer of thin initials has both organogenetic and thickening meristem attributes. A combination of these attributes indicates that the basal meristem is distinctive among the vascular plant meristems, including cambium. The root primordia develop from young derivative cells organized in three to four radial fines, and their main body is composed of a three-layered apical meristem. The primordia, unlike the roots, produce a small number of derivative cells as well as a procambium and future root cap, and they do not form a cortex and epidermis. Prior to developing into roots, the primordia are shifted closer to the corm surface through further development of cortical tissues from the basal meristem and sloughing of surface cells. This unique developmental pattern is established through the subendogenous origin of the second embryonic root and the endogenous origin of the third root. The meristem and pattern of root development in Isoetes is compared with that indicated for the lepidodendrid and isoetalean rhizomorphs and contrasted with that in the Selaginella rhizophore. The comparison seems not to support the interpretation of the roots as leaf homologues.10aCambium10aDevelopment10aIsoetes10aLepidodendrids10aMeristem10aRhizomorph10aRhizophore10aRoot1 aYi, S.-Y.1 aKato, M.  uhttp://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0034749638&partnerID=40&md5=1887916a18c476c09780d6d6ad7f78b601073nas a2200181   4500008004100000245007100041210006700112260001200179300001400191490000700205520049900212653001500711653001200726653001000738653001000748100001700758856011600775       2000                        eng d00aIsoetes sinensis var. Sinensis in Korea (Isoetaceae: Pteridophyta)0 aIsoetes sinensis var Sinensis in Korea Isoetaceae Pteridophyta  c2000///  a169 - 1770 v163 aQuillworts recently collected from a population on Cheju Island, South Korea, are tetraploid (2n = 44 = 22II) and have cristate megaspores and echinate microspores. Based on these characters, the specimens are identified as Isoetes sinensis var. sinensis, a globally rare taxon previously unreported in Korea. The apparently close taxonomic relationship between Korean I. sinensis var. sinensis and the basic diploid I. taiwanensis suggests that further phylogenetic investigation is warranted.10aChromosome10aIsoetes10aKorea10aSpore1 aTakamiya, M.  uhttp://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0039174448&partnerID=40&md5=8986e80438e25ba35955cf46aa7ed4f702070nas a2200205   4500008004100000245011200041210006900153260001200222300001400234490000700248520138100255653001401636653001401650653001201664653002001676653001101696653002501707100001601732856011601748       1998                        eng d00aStudies on Annalepis from Middle Triassic along the Yangtze river and its bearing on the origin of Isoëtes0 aStudies on Annalepis from Middle Triassic along the Yangtze rive  c1998///  a768 - 7740 v403 aSpecimens of Annalepis have been found from the Middle Triassic Series in the Yangtze River valley and described, including a new species. Annalepis is similar to the living plant, Isoëtes , in many aspects, such as the herb with a corm, more or less clustering sporophylls, presence of a ligule, monolete suture microspores of Aratrisporites -type and trilete megaspores, etc. The similarities of features between the two plants indicate their close affinities and that A . brevicystis might be the ancestry of Isoëtes . Since there is a ligule on the sporophyll of Pleuromeia, the Pleuromeiaceae represented by Pleuromeia could be allied to the Isoëtaceae, and both families should belong to Isoëtales. Isoëtales represents a distinct evolutionary sequence and is inferred as being evolved probably from Palaeozoic Sigillaria . In Mesozoic age, two evolutionary lines are proposed: one as a line from Pleuromeia to Nathorstiana in relation to wood-monopolar rhizophore; the other as a line from Annalenis to Isoëtes related to herb-bipolar corm. Annalepis appeared almost simultaneously in the Yangtze River valley in early Middle Triassic, but the distribution of Annalepis was concentrated from east to west during middle-late Middle Triassic, in relation to the marine regression which occurred cyclically from east to west on the Yangtze Platform during that time.10aAnnalepis10aEvolution10aIsoetes10aMiddle Triassic10aOrigin10aYangtze river valley1 aMeng, F.-S.  uhttp://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0032414084&partnerID=40&md5=b6306b3189c6672809b1bab17e2dd16800903nas a2200193   4500008004100000245006200041210006200103260001200165300001400177490000700191520031300198653001200511653001200523653001600535653001400551653001100565100001700576856011600593       1998                        eng d00aAnatomy of scales and phyllopodia of Isoetes of Rajasthan0 aAnatomy of scales and phyllopodia of Isoetes of Rajasthan  c1998///  a269 - 2720 v483 aAnatomy of scales and phyllopodia of the four species of Isoetes found in Rajasthan was studied. The shapes triangular to bonnet and sizes of scales and phyllopodia vary with species; 3-12 mm × 2-9 mm in size, parenchymatous and have intermingled roots, sporangia, spores, fungal hyphae and fruiting bodies.10aAnatomy10aIsoetes10aPhyllopodia10aRajasthan10aScales1 aSharma, B.D.  uhttp://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-1542573923&partnerID=40&md5=d37103324e9fa9109d8eeb159846560c01300nas a2200217   4500008004100000245013400041210006900175260001200244300001400256490000700270520057000277653001500847653001200862653001400874653001700888653001300905100001600918700001400934700001700948856011700965       2003                        eng d00aIsoetes (isoetaceae), Ophioglossum and Botrychium (ophioglossaceae) in Calabria (S Italy): More karyological and taxonomical data0 aIsoetes isoetaceae Ophioglossum and Botrychium ophioglossaceae i  c2003///  a359 - 3630 v563 aI. subinermis (Durieu) Cesca and Peruzzi, from a newly discovered Calabrian stand, was karyologically studied. Both chromosome number (2n = 22) and karyotype are presented. Systematic distinctiveness of I. subinermis from I. histrix Bory is confirmed. A new chromosome complement (2n = 44) is recorded for I. duriei Bory, confirming the karyological variability of this taxon. Ophioglossum lusitanicum L. (n = 120) and Botrychium lunaria L. (2n = 90) were karyologically studied too. Their chromosome numbers are reported as the first counts on Italian populations.10aBotrychium10aIsoetes10aKaryology10aOphioglossum10ataxonomy1 aPeruzzi, L.1 aCesca, G.1 aPuntillo, D.  uhttp://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77949731523&partnerID=40&md5=40e99c3e1ecb2fbbe5af20ec7f01717701173nas a2200217   4500008004100000245011500041210006900156260001200225300001400237490000700251520044900258653001200707653001500719653001200734653002700746653001400773653001700787100002000804700001500824856011600839       2002                        eng d00aIsoetes toximontana (Isoetaceae), a new quillwort with green megaspores from the Northern Cape of South Africa0 aIsoetes toximontana Isoetaceae a new quillwort with green megasp  c2002///  a504 - 5070 v123 aIsoetes toximontana is only the second quillwort reported from the Northern Cape region in South Africa. It occurs in shallow water on the Gifberg. Megaspores are uniformly tuberculate on the proximal surface; their distal surfaces may have occasional rugi along with bullae. They are olive green when dry. Microspores are brown and aculeate. Preliminary field studies suggest that an unexpected diversity of quillworts is found in this region.10aGifberg10aIsoetaceae10aIsoetes10aNorthern Cape Province10aQuillwort10aSouth Africa1 aMusselman, L.J.1 aRoux, J.P.  uhttp://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0036936160&partnerID=40&md5=345c74b24b350ea1ea344891e16d8c7101188nas a2200241   4500008004100000245007900041210006900120260001200189300001400201490000700215520045700222653001000679653001400689653001500703653001200718653001400730653002700744100001600771700001200787700001700799700001400816856011600830       2002                        eng d00aIsoetes yunguiensis (Isoetaceae), a new basic diploid quillwort from China0 aIsoetes yunguiensis Isoetaceae a new basic diploid quillwort fro  c2002///  a587 - 5910 v123 aIsoetes yunguiensis, a basic diploid species with a chromosome number of 2n = 22, is described and illustrated. This species occurs on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau in southwest China. It is similar to I. japonica in its appearance and emergent aquatic habit. Herbarium specimens of I. yunguiensis previously have been misidentified as I. japonica. Isoetes yunguiensis differs from I. japonica in megaspore and microspore morphology and chromosome number.10aChina10aEast Asia10aIsoetaceae10aIsoetes10aQuillwort10aYunnan-Guizhou Plateau1 aWang, Q.-F.1 aLiu, X.1 aTaylor, W.C.1 aHe, Z.-R.  uhttp://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0036939584&partnerID=40&md5=da8d4d4668c03846b51b3df5877e860201649nas a2200193   4500008004100000245009000041210007000131260001200201300001200213490000700225520102500232653001501257653001201272653001401284653000901298100001401307700001801321856011601339       2002                        eng d00aPhylogeny of Isoëtes (Lycopsida): Resolving basal relationships using rbcL sequences0 aPhylogeny of Isoëtes Lycopsida Resolving basal relationships usi  c2002///  a83 - 890 v513 aThe phylogenetic relationships of Isoëtes (Isoëtaceae) were investigated by means of a cladistic analysis using plastid rbcL sequences and a representative sample of 18 species. The analysis supports a basal split in Isoëtes separating two main groups, one including aquatic species from South America (I. bradei and I. amazonica) and West Africa (I. kersii and I. schweinfurthii), and the other including aquatic, amphibious and terrestrial species representing all major continents. Higher level relationships remain unresolved, but supported groups do conflict with previous morphology-based hypotheses. Comparatively low levels of sequence divergence indicate that the use of more rapidly evolving regions will be required to resolve higher level relationships. The phylogenetically isolated nature of Isoëtes will in such analyses make standard outgroup comparisons problematic, and results presented here will in this respect prove important by providing support for choosing among alternative rooting options.10aIsoetaceae10aIsoetes10aPhylogeny10arbcL1 aRydin, C.1 aWikström, N.  uhttp://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0036254372&partnerID=40&md5=f4c2dc2699e8c72b00c4dccdb1f20c1f02291nas a2200205   4500008004100000245010500041210007100146260001200217300001400229490000700243520160200250653001901852653001901871653001201890653001701902100001501919700001701934700001701951856011701968       2004                        eng d00aRevealing unknown or extinct lineages within Isoëtes (Isoëtaceae) using DNA sequences from hybrids0 aRevealing unknown or extinct lineages within Isoëtes Isoëtaceae   c2004///  a899 - 9040 v913 aIsoëtes, a heterosporous lycopod with a fossil record dating back to the Paleozoic, has numerous putative allopolyploids (resulting from hybridization events coupled with doubling of chromosome number). By using the highly variable nucleotide sequences from the second intron of a LFY homologue in Isoëtes, species could be delimited and hybrid origins determined. The data suggest that reticulate evolution is both common and complex within a more derived species complex of Isoëtes. Sequences of identifiable parentage and sequences that are unlike any diploid species known were recovered, leading to the conclusion that one or both of the putative parents have not yet been discovered or are extinct. A range of observations concerning allopolyploid speciation were categorized as follows: (1) verification of previous hypotheses regarding parentage (e.g., I. riparia, I. appalachiana), (2) determination that two morphologically distinct allotetraploid species can share the same parentage (I. azorica and I. acadiensis), (3) recognition of a cryptic allotetraploid species, indicated by the presence of different parental genomes (I. "appalachiana" from Florida), and (4) identification of allotetraploid species with one or two unknown parents (e.g., I. tuckermanii, I. acadiensis, I. azorica, and I. hyemalis). Some sequences from diploid species are remarkably uniform among populations (e.g., I. echinospora from various locations in North America, Iceland, and Wales), while others are variable at the subspecies level (e.g., northern and southern populations within I. engelmannii).10aAllopolyploidy10aHybrid origins10aIsoetes10aLEAFY intron1 aHoot, S.B.1 aNapier, N.S.1 aTaylor, W.C.  uhttp://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-11444256350&partnerID=40&md5=420a4ad06820ce82f60d7a70e7db9dec01453nas a2200217   4500008004100000245010000041210006900141260001200210300001400222490000700236520073900243653001500982653001200997653001201009653002901021653001701050100001601067700001701083700001801100856011701118       2005                        eng d00aAnalysis of morphological and anatomical characteristics of Isoetes using isoetes tennesseensis0 aAnalysis of morphological and anatomical characteristics of Isoe  c2005///  a167 - 1820 v573 aThe three known populations of Isoetes tennesseensis were examined to document and analyze their morphological and anatomical characters. Characters examined included velum coverage, lacunae, leaf form and size, sporangial wall cells, and ligule and labium morphology. Three types of morphological patterns were found: stable, variable, and dimorphic. The discovery of dimorphism between mega- and microsporophylls for velum coverage, velum length, sporangium size, and ligule shape is of particular interest. This study presents a model for future work designed to complement current species descriptions and it establishes a baseline for morphological comparisons with other Isoetes. © 2005, by The New York Botanical Garden Press.10aDimorphism10aIsoetes10aLycopod10aMorphological characters10aPteridophyte1 aBudke, J.M.1 aHickey, R.J.1 aHeafner, K.D.  uhttp://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-21744447722&partnerID=40&md5=10d5e4181461bf404f341ea4a32c474001966nas a2200217   4500008004100000245010000041210007000141260001200211300001400223490000700237520123800244653001501482653001201497653001401509653002101523653002201544653003001566100002001596700001501616856011701631       2006                        eng d00aInferring the root of Isoëtes: Exploring alternatives in the absence of an acceptable outgroup0 aInferring the root of Isoëtes Exploring alternatives in the abse  c2006///  a258 - 2700 v313 aThe ancient divergence between the lycopsid genus Isoëtes and its closest living relative (Selaginella) has resulted in considerable morphological and genetic disparity, yet within Isoëtes there is remarkable morphological and genetic uniformity. This has made it difficult to identify the phylogenetic root of the genus. In this study, we addressed this problem and characterized the early branching patterns within Isoëtes using an expanded set of taxa and three molecular markers. We assessed the saturation in the molecular data sets, tested for differences in evolutionary rate, determined the stability of the ingroup topology, and evaluated the applicability of the molecular clock. We then explored three alternative rooting approaches: outgroup, midpoint, and maximum likelihood under the assumption of a molecular clock. Attempts to infer the root of Isoëtes using the outgroup approach were severely hindered by the effects of saturation, but the results from midpoint rooting and the enforcement of the molecular clock were highly consistent among the data sets. We identify the root of Isoëtes to be located among three major, highly supported clades. © Copyright 2006 by the American Society of Plant Taxonomists.10aIsoetaceae10aIsoetes10aLycophyte10aMidpoint rooting10aPhylogenetic root10aRelative rate comparisons1 aSchuettpelz, E.1 aHoot, S.B.  uhttp://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-33745493624&partnerID=40&md5=8d3abb9eb77572545e97747f1aaf51a501250nas a2200217   4500008004100000245007400041210006900115260001200184300001400196490000700210520056500217653001200782653002600794653002200820653001600842653001600858100001600874700001300890700001200903856011700915       2008                        eng d00aTwo new species of Isoetes (Isoetaceae) from Jeju Island, South Korea0 aTwo new species of Isoetes Isoetaceae from Jeju Island South Kor  c2008///  a354 - 3580 v513 aWe name and describe two new species, Isoetes jejuensis and I. hallasanensis, from Jeju Island, South Korea. These taxa are compared with related species in East Asia, including I. coreana and I. sinensis. The rugulate megaspore ornamentation of I. jejuensis differs from those other Isoetes species. Furthermore, I. hallasanensis varies from I. asiatica in its microspore ornamentation and chromosome number, although both species have an echinate megaspore ornamentation. These new species are tetraploid (2n = 44), whereas I. coreana is hexaploid (2n = 66).10aIsoetes10aIsoetes hallasanensis10aIsoetes jejuensis10aJeju Island10aNew species1 aChoi, H.-K.1 aJung, J.1 aKim, C.  uhttp://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-54249107417&partnerID=40&md5=b04955ae3773d8cafcac8c63a387913702208nas a2200217   4500008004100000245005800041210005600099260001200155300001400167490000700181520157700188653001001765653001401775653001201789653001101801653002101812100001201833700001201845700001601857856011701873       2008                        eng d00aSpore morphology of Isoëtes (isoëtaceae) from China0 aSpore morphology of Isoëtes isoëtaceae from China  c2008///  a479 - 4890 v463 aMicromorphological characters of mega- and microspores of five Isoëtes species from China were observed under scanning electron microscope (SEM). Megaspores of I. hypsophila have a levigate ornamentation, and are 358 μm in diameter (mean, n=30), microspores of this species have a gyrus ornamentation, and are 22 μm in length (mean, n=30); megaspores of I. yunguiensis have a cristate-reticulate ornamentation, with a size of 390 μm in diameter (mean, n=30), while microspores nearly smooth with some fine granulates, and with a size of 22 gm in length (mean, n=30); megaspores of I. taiwanensis are tuberculate and 312 μm in diameter (mean, n=30), echinate microspores are 24 μm in length (mean, n=30); cristate megaspores of I. sinensis are 409 μm in diameter (mean, n=30), and echinate microspores are 28 μm in length (mean, n=30); megaspores of I. orientalis have a cristate-reticulate ornamentation, with diameter of 420 μm (mean, n=30), microspores of this species have an echinate-tuberculate ornamentation with a size of 34 μm in length (mean, n=30). Based on the morphological characters of spores and chromosome numbers among taxa, it was found that mean spore size in each species of Isoëtes generally reflected the ploidy level. I. hypsophila, I. yunguiensis and I. taiwanensis, with smaller mean spore size, are diploidy with 2n=22; I. sinensis (2n=44) and I. orientalis (2n=66), with larger mean spore size, are polyploidy. The spore morphology of Isoëtes still plays an important role in identification and classification of Isoëtes from China.10aChina10aEvolution10aIsoetes10aOrigin10aSpore morphology1 aLiu, X.1 aLiu, H.1 aWang, Q.-F.  uhttp://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-57349117891&partnerID=40&md5=f310ff0165e440259efb4b7c6431474300784nas a2200181   4500008004100000245006700041210006600108260001200174300001400186490000700200520019800207653001200405653001600417653001800433100001700451700001700468856011700485       2007                        eng d00aIsoetes araucaniana, a new species from southern South America0 aIsoetes araucaniana a new species from southern South America  c2007///  a220 - 2240 v973 aIsoetes araucaniana is newly described from central Chile. This aquatic species is endemic to Araucanía and is the only southern Andean species with strongly and densely reticulate megaspores.10aIsoetes10aNew species10aSouth America1 aMacLuf, C.C.1 aHickey, R.J.  uhttp://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-39449094567&partnerID=40&md5=187a92568719c2772ed711b49957998d02202nas a2200241   4500008004100000245007100041210006800112260001200180300001400192490000700206520146300213653001401676653003301690653001201723653001101735653001101746653001601757653002801773653001001801100001801811700001401829856011701843       2007                        eng d00aFoliar diagnostic characters in Isoetes (Pteridophyta, Isoetaceae)0 aFoliar diagnostic characters in Isoetes Pteridophyta Isoetaceae  c2007///  a202 - 2350 v943 aFoliar characters were studied in 25 European, North African, North American, and South American terrestrial, amphibious, and aquatic: taxa of the genus Isoetes L. (Pteridophyta, Isoctaceae). The foliar characters investigated have a variable diagnostic value. The presence and types of cuticular ornamentations, types of margins, epidermal patterns and cell ratios of the epidermis, types of IPP (intercellular peetic protuberances) in the cells of the leaf diaphragms, epidermal patterns and cell ratios of velum, epidermal patterns, and nature of walls in the adaxial epidermis of sporangia may be good diagnostic specific characters that should be included in taxonomic descriptions. Transverse sections of the microphylls, the types and distribution of collenchyma (fascicular, lacunar, or partially laminar collenchyma, with the latter two types described here for the first time), the cell types of leaf diaphragms, the presence of IPP in these cells, the partial or complete endodermis in the air chambers, and the presence of a persistent mucilage-secreting or an early lignified ligule are features that characterize species groups in Isoetes. The mucilage-secreting ligula and the types of endodermis can be considered as generic traits in Isoetes. The genus was hugely considered as lacking good diagnostic characters or having rather environmentally influenced traits, two concepts that are discussed here after presentation of the new evidence.10aEpidermis10aFoliar diagnostic characters10aIsoetes10aLabium10aLigula10aMicrophylls10aSporangial adaxial wall10aVelum1 aRolleri, C.H.1 aPrada, C.  uhttp://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-34248570912&partnerID=40&md5=aa7a39e226168462b49230d818ab399101875nas a2200229   4500008004100000245009000041210006900131260001200200300001200212490000600224520112400230653001701354653002201371653001201393653004401405653002401449100001301473700001701486700001201503700001301515856011701528       2007                        eng d00aGenetic diversity in Isoetes yunguiensis, a rare and endangered endemic fern in China0 aGenetic diversity in Isoetes yunguiensis a rare and endangered e  c2007///  a46 - 490 v23 aIsoetes yunguiensis is an endangered and endemic fern in China. Field survey indicated that only one population and no more than 50 individuals occur in the wild. The genetic variation of 46 individuals from the population remaining at Pingba (Guizhou Province, China) was assessed by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) finger-printing. Twelve primers were screened from sixty ten-bp arbitrary primers, and a total of 95 DNA fragments were scored. Of these, 62.1% were polymorphic loci, which indicated that high level genetic variation existed in the natural population. The accumulation of genetic variation in the history of the taxon and the apparent minimal reduction effect on genetic diversity following destruction of habitat might be responsible for the high level genetic diversity presently remaining in the I. yunguiensis population. However, with the continuing decrease of population size, the genetic diversity will gradually be lost. We suggest that the materials from the extant population should be used for re-establishment of the populations. © 2007 Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag.10aEndemic fern10aGenetic diversity10aIsoetes10aRandom amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)10aRare and endangered1 aChen, J.1 aGituru, W.R.1 aLiu, X.1 aWang, Q.  uhttp://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-33847396236&partnerID=40&md5=ee6f56a9a5fcf2d93d7218f43862d55602016nas a2200241   4500008004100000245012000041210007100161260001200232300001400244490000700258520124700265653000901512653002001521653001601541653001201557653002401569653001001593100001201603700001301615700001301628700001601641856011701657       2009                        eng d00aSystematic evaluation of isoëtes asiatica makino (isoëtaceae) based on AFLP, nrITS, and chloroplast DNA sequences0 aSystematic evaluation of isoëtes asiatica makino isoëtaceae base  c2009///  a501 - 5100 v523 aOn the basis of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and nucleotide sequence data from nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (nrITS) and three chloroplast DNA regions (rbcL, cpITS, and trnS-psbC spacer), we investigated the species delimitation and the evolutionary lineage of Isoëtes asiatica from Hokkaido, Japan. The neighbor-joining (NJ) dendrogram based on AFLP markers revealed the well-defined clusters (bootstrap value = 100%) of I. asiatica. Results from the principal component analysis are largely congruent with those obtained in the NJ dendrogram. The maximum parsimony analysis, based on data from nrITS and three chloroplast DNA sequences, supported a monophyly of three species, I. asiatica, Isoëtes echinospora, and Isoëtes maritima from Hokkaido, Kamchatka, and Alaska regions. The distinct species status of I. asiatica was also well supported in the combined chloroplast DNA phylogeny. Therefore, I. asiatica appear to represent example of gradual speciation due to spatial isolation of ancestral populations followed by genetic divergence. Our results also suggest that I. asiatica is probably not the ancestral diploid of the polyploids occurring in East Asia. © The Botanical Society of Korea 2009.10aAFLP10aChloroplast DNA10aI. asiatica10aIsoetes10aMolecular phylogeny10aNrITS1 aKim, C.1 aNa, H.R.1 aShin, H.1 aChoi, H.-K.  uhttp://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-71249137227&partnerID=40&md5=029dcd01eab0eacc2d8c97b3953cb1ba02543nas a2200229   4500008004100000245016000041210006900201260001200270300001400282490000800296520175700304653000902061653001202070653002202082653001202104653001402116653002502130100001202155700001302167700001602180856011702196       2009                        eng d00aGenetic diversity and population structure of diploid and polyploid species of isoetes in east asia based on amplified fragment length polymorphism markers0 aGenetic diversity and population structure of diploid and polypl  c2009///  a496 - 5040 v1703 aIsoetes L. is critically endangered in areas of East Asia, including Taiwan, Japan, and South Korea. The genetic diversity and the population structure of six Isoetes species from East Asia were evaluated by using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). Three AFLP-selective primer combinations generated a total 923 amplification products, of which 919 (99.6%) were polymorphic. The levels of genetic diversity of two diploid species (I. taiwanensis [percentage of polymorphic loci (PPL) = 33.1%-38.3%] and I. asiatica [PPL = 49.0%]) are higher than those of polyploid species (tetraploid: I. jejuensis [PPL = 9.3%-29.3%] and I. hallasanensis [PPL = 22.3%]; hexaploid: I. coreana [PPL = 1.6%-20.6%] and I. japonica [PPL = 5.6%-20.5%]). Higher genetic differentiation was detected for populations of I. coreana (0B = 0.730) than for the diploid species I. taiwanensis (0B = 0.074). In addition, analysis of molecular variance showed that a large proportion (79.8%) of genetic differentiation existed among population of I. coreana. However, 93.2% of the total genetic variation was attributed to differentiation within populations of I. taiwanensis. A neighbor-joining dendrogram resulted in three clusters, one for I. asiatica, one for I. japonica, and one for the rest of the species, subdivided into two: (1) I. taiwanensis/I. jejuensis and (2) I. coreana/I. hallasanensis. Furthermore, individuals from each population of I. coreana and I. jejuensis were clustered into population-specific subclusters. The probable causes of the current pattern of genetic variation and population structure are discussed, and suggestions on the future protection of Isoetes species are also given. © 2009 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved.10aAFLP10aDiploid10aGenetic diversity10aIsoetes10aPolyploid10aPopulation structure1 aKim, C.1 aShin, H.1 aChoi, H.-K.  uhttp://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-67649230633&partnerID=40&md5=794650fbe3653559e7cb90004dfa45c602540nas a2200253   4500008004100000245016000041210006900201260001200270300001200282490000700294520168100301653001901982653002202001653001502023653001202038653001902050653002902069100001602098700001302114700001102127700001402138700001702152856011702169       2009                        eng d00aHigh allozyme diversity and unidirectional linear migration patterns within a population of tetraploid Isoetes sinensis, a rare and endangered pteridophyte0 aHigh allozyme diversity and unidirectional linear migration patt  c2009///  a52 - 580 v903 aIsoetes sinensis (Isoetaceae), an aquatic quillwort which occurs only in two fragmented sites of China as an allotetraploid, is critically endangered. Genetic variation among eight subpopulations of I. sinensis was examined in the Xin'an River (119°14′-15′E, 29°28′N) by using allozyme polymorphism. Eighteen loci of 10 enzyme systems were examined and used for the analysis of population genetic parameters. As expected for allotetraploids, fixed heterozygosity was found at four loci. A high level of genetic diversity was observed in the population, with mean number of alleles per loci of 1.8, and mean percentage of polymorphic loci of 55.6%, which were much higher than the average values in fern species. The genetic variation within each subpopulation was not positively correlated with its size, which may be explained by high gene flow (Nm = 2.57), clonal reproduction and fixed heterozygosity of allopolyploid. The I. sinensis population contained high clonal diversity (PD = 0.39, D = 0.95), indicating the successful seedling recruitment of the population. Significant positive relationship was detected between clonal diversity and the size of subpopulation. Partitioning the genetic diversity indicated that 91.1% of the genetic variation was within subpopulations and only 8.9% existed among subpopulations. The migration pattern of I. sinensis along the Xin'an River is best explained by a source-sink model, but with unidirectional gene flow among subpopulations underlined by hydrochoric force. The results were then discussed in relation to both in situ and ex situ conservation efforts of the population. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.10aAllotetraploid10aGenetic diversity10aHydrochory10aIsoetes10aRiparian plant10aUnidirectional migration1 aChen, Y.-Y.1 aYang, W.1 aLi, W.1 aLi, Z.-Z.1 aHuang, H.-W.  uhttp://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-54249105798&partnerID=40&md5=962f14606c468408a8b8d98333cd329201363nas a2200229   4500008004100000245008000041210007100121260001200192300001400204490000800218520062800226653001100854653002400865653001200889653003400901653001700935653001000952100001700962700001800979700001900997856011701016       2010                        eng d00aA new species of Isoëtes (Isoëtaceae, Pteridophyta) for the Mediterranean0 anew species of Isoëtes Isoëtaceae Pteridophyta for the Mediterra  c2010///  a805 - 8130 v1443 aIsoëtes iapygia from the Apulia region (southern Italy) is described as a new species and illustrated. It differs in several characters from the other Mediterranean Isoëtes species, but has some intermediate characteristics similar to terrestrial and amphibious Isoëtes. I. iapygia is similar to the amphibious species for the lack of phyllopodia, even if it has scales; it is similar to terrestrial species for the complete velum and tuberculate macrospores. A completely unique character is represented by the two air chambers. Its habitat is on limestone rocks, in temporary pools. © 2010 Società Botanica Italiana.10aApulia10aFoliar air chambers10aIsoetes10aMediterranean temporary pools10aPteridophyta10aVelum1 aErnandes, P.1 aBeccarisi, L.1 aZuccarello, V.  uhttp://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-78650324261&partnerID=40&md5=05e52c052516d91aa8ee4d24dd9a875201099nas a2200217   4500008004100000245006600041210006500107260001200172300001400184490000700198520043300205653001400638653001500652653001200667653001400679653001600693100001500709700002300724700001700747856011700764       2010                        eng d00aIsoetes pedersenii, a new species from southern South America0 aIsoetes pedersenii a new species from southern South America  c2010///  a353 - 3590 v823 aThe name Isoetes pedersenii H.P. Fuchs (Lycophyta), a species known only from the Mburucuyá National Park, Corrientes, Argentina, is validated. Observations were carried out on herbarium material with stereoscopic, light and scanning electron microscopes. The species is described and typified. A diagnosis and discussion about its distribution and its relationship with the morphology of other species of Isoetes are provided.10aArgentina10aCorrientes10aIsoetes10aLycophyta10aNew species1 aMacluf, C.1 aTorres, E.I., Meza1 aSolís, S.M.  uhttp://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77954205868&partnerID=40&md5=110a9d99d9c9596db7ffbf7c893b6b5102039nas a2200241   4500008004100000245010200041210006900143260001200212300001400224490000700238520129100245653001101536653001201547653001401559653001501573653001401588653001101602653001901613100001501632700001701647700001601664856011701680       2010                        eng d00aMorphology and ultrastructure of megaspores and microspores of isoetes sehnemii fuchs (lycophyta)0 aMorphology and ultrastructure of megaspores and microspores of i  c2010///  a341 - 3520 v823 aThe morphology and wall ultrastructure of megaspores and microspores of Isoetes sehnemii that grows in Brazil were analyzed as part of the study of the Isoetaceae present in Southern South America. The observations were performed with light, scanning and transmission electron microscopes. The megaspores are trilete, 350-450μm in equatorial diameter. The surface is reticulate. In section, the sporoderm is 100μm thick including the ornamentation. The wall is composed of a siliceous perispore, which consists of short fused flatten, elements forming a three-dimensional mesh. The exospore has two zones of different structure. The endospore is fibrillar. The microspores are monolete, 21-27μm in equatorial diameter. The sporoderm is composed of a sporopollinic rugulate perispore. A space between the para-exospore and the exospore is evident. The exospore is compact. The endospore is fibrillar. The ultrastructural analysis akes hoologies evident concerning structure and organization of the layers belo the perispore in both spore types. A possible similarity and stability in the ultrustructure of the present spores and fossils could be also inferred. In addition, there would be a correlation among the plant habitat, the spore ornamentation and the geographic distribution.10aBrazil10aIsoetes10aLycophyta10aPalynology10aSculpture10aSpores10aUltrastructure1 aMacluf, C.1 aMorbelli, M.1 aGiudice, G.  uhttp://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77954194457&partnerID=40&md5=1434918a400d7fc28cb2b2ec5338958d01941nas a2200253   4500008004100000245015600041210006900197260001200266300001200278490000700290520107700297653001901374653002201393653001201415653002201427653001901449653002501468100001601493700001601509700001701525700001401542700001401556856011701570       2012                        eng d00aMicrosatellite analysis reveals the genetic structure and gene flow of the aquatic quillwort Isoetes sinensis, a critically endangered species in China0 aMicrosatellite analysis reveals the genetic structure and gene f  c2012///  a52 - 570 v963 aIsoetes sinensis is a critically endangered aquatic quillwort, occurring in two fragmented sites of China (Xiuning county of Anhui; Jiande county of Zhejiang). During a five-year period (2004-2009), the areas and sizes of the two populations diminished dramatically due to intensive human activities. Genetic structure of the species was investigated using simple sequence repeat makers (SSRs). For seven nuclear microsatellites, high levels of genetic diversity were found within populations (H E=0.324-0.447). Strong genetic differentiation was detected between populations (G ST=0.376), while weak genetic differentiation was found within populations (G ST=0.026-0.080). Notably, in contrast to the source-sink model suggested by previous study (Chen et al., 2009), the migration pattern of I. sinensis along the Xin'an River is best explained by the linear symmetrical non-adjacent flow model (LSNF), which indicates that intensive human activities of recent years have greatly affected the gene exchange pattern among I. sinensis subpopulations. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.10aAllotetraploid10aGenetic diversity10aIsoetes10aMigration pattern10aRiparian plant10aStepping-stone model1 aChen, Y.-Y.1 aKong, D.-R.1 aHuang, C.-H.1 aXu, Y.-X.1 aLi, Z.-Z.  uhttp://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84855293635&partnerID=40&md5=824e647a2989ecda4486a69d98cdaac201492nas a2200217   4500008004100000245008500041210006900126260001200195300001400207490000700221520080700228653001501035653001201050653001801062653001201080653001401092100001601106700001501122700002001137856011701157       2011                        eng d00aA New Species of Diploid Quillwort (Isoetes, Isoetaceae, Lycophyta) from Lebanon0 aNew Species of Diploid Quillwort Isoetes Isoetaceae Lycophyta fr  c2011///  a295 - 2980 v213 aA new species, Isoetes libanotica Musselman, Bolin &R. D. Bray (Isoetaceae, Lycophyta), is described from Akkar District of northern Lebanon. It is a seasonal terrestrial species of basaltic soils, diploid (2n = 22), with complete velum coverage. Megaspore diameter ranges from 338 to 477 lm with remote, low tuberculate ornamentation and a low to obsolete equatorial girdle; microspore length ranges from 25 to 30 lm, with echinate ornamentation. At the type locality of I. libanotica, two other Isoetes L. species occur sympatrically. These superficially similar Isoetes species can be differentiated from I. libanotica using megaspore characters; I. duriei Bory has larger alveolate megaspores and I. olympica A. Braun has a prominent equatorial girdle. Copyright © 2011 BioOne All rights reserved.10aIsoetaceae10aIsoetes10aIUCN Red List10aLebanon10aLycophyta1 aBolin, J.F.1 aBray, R.D.1 aMusselman, L.J.  uhttp://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-80052645075&partnerID=40&md5=5602c6ac47a25c280f5981e0e73b67f301672nas a2200241   4500008004100000245016700041210006900208260001200277300001600289490000700305520084100312653001301153653001201166653002101178653001201199653002101211100001701232700001501249700001701264700001501281700001701296856011701313       2012                        eng d00aLate pleistocene and holocene history of genus isoetes L. (Lycopodiophyta) in the Western Rhodope Mountains, Bulgaria. New palynological and palaeoecological data0 aLate pleistocene and holocene history of genus isoetes L Lycopod  c2012///  a1405 - 14100 v653 aThe genus Isoetes is represented in Bulgaria by one species I. lacustris L. (lake quillwort). It inhabits the littoral areas of some lakes in the Pirin Mountain range. Fossil records of Isoetes in Bulgaria are very scarce. A new palynological study was conducted on sediments collected from Kupena Mire in the Western Rhodope Mountains. The results indicated that lake quillwort was abundant 30 000 years ago and its growth was associated with the presence of shallow lake basins. The species disappeared from the composition of the local flora as the sedimentation regime changed from lacustrine to marsh after the warming of the climate at the onset of the Holocene. This study confirmed the existence of refugial areas during the last glaciation in the mountains of Southeastern Europe, where a number of glacial relics had survived.10aBulgaria10aIsoetes10aLate pleistocene10aRefugia10aWestern rhodopes1 aLazarova, M.1 aIvanov, D.1 aBozilova, E.1 aTonkov, S.1 aSnowball, I.  uhttp://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84868586431&partnerID=40&md5=4ea4602b4d474115a8b0a8a76884dfc8