02267nas a2200133   4500008004100000245010200041210006900143300001200212490000700224520183300231100001302064700001202077856004402089       2016                        eng d00aComparative Transcriptome Analysis of Isoetes Sinensis Under Terrestrial and Submerged Conditions0 aComparative Transcriptome Analysis of Isoetes Sinensis Under Ter  a136-1450 v343 aIsoetes L. is an ancient genus of heterosporous lycopsids with a unique phylogenetic position. Repeated adaptations to environmental changes over time have contributed to occupying a variety of niches in Isoetes. However, we know little about how they adapt to the environmental changes, and the sequence resources are very limited in public databases. Isoetes sinensis is an amphibious plant in this genus, alternating frequently between terrestrial and aquatic environments. In this study, I. sinensis was applied to investigate the adaptations under terrestrial (TC) and submerged (ST) conditions using Illumina RNA-sequencing technology. Approximately 87 million high-quality reads were yielded and assembled into 31,619 unigenes with an average length of 1618 bp. Overall, 28,208 unigenes were annotated against the National Center of Biotechnology Information (NCBI), Non-redundant (Nr), Cluster of Orthologous Groups (COG), Gene Ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases. Moreover, we identified 1740 differentially expressed genes with 1146 up-regulated and 594 down-regulated genes under TC. GO annotation revealed that stress-relevant categories were remarkably enriched, and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the phytohormone signalings and carbohydrate metabolism were significantly influenced. Furthermore, a total of 1646 transcription factors (TF) were identified and classified into 54 TF families; among them, 180 TFs were dynamic between terrestrial and submerged conditions. This study is the first report for Isoetes to generate numerous sequences and establish general understandings about the adaptations in the changing environments. The dataset provides a foundation for novel gene discoveries, comparative genomics, functional genomics, and phylogenetics in Isoetes.1 aYang, T.1 aLiu, X.  uhttps://isoetes.myspecies.info/node/23101188nas a2200241   4500008004100000245007900041210006900120260001200189300001400201490000700215520045700222653001000679653001400689653001500703653001200718653001400730653002700744100001600771700001200787700001700799700001400816856011600830       2002                        eng d00aIsoetes yunguiensis (Isoetaceae), a new basic diploid quillwort from China0 aIsoetes yunguiensis Isoetaceae a new basic diploid quillwort fro  c2002///  a587 - 5910 v123 aIsoetes yunguiensis, a basic diploid species with a chromosome number of 2n = 22, is described and illustrated. This species occurs on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau in southwest China. It is similar to I. japonica in its appearance and emergent aquatic habit. Herbarium specimens of I. yunguiensis previously have been misidentified as I. japonica. Isoetes yunguiensis differs from I. japonica in megaspore and microspore morphology and chromosome number.10aChina10aEast Asia10aIsoetaceae10aIsoetes10aQuillwort10aYunnan-Guizhou Plateau1 aWang, Q.-F.1 aLiu, X.1 aTaylor, W.C.1 aHe, Z.-R.  uhttp://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0036939584&partnerID=40&md5=da8d4d4668c03846b51b3df5877e860201961nas a2200193   4500008004100000245017900041210007100220260001200291300001400303490000700317520123100324100001701555700001901572700001501591700001201606700001701618700001501635856011701650       2004                        eng d00aPhylogenetic relationships of Isoëtes (Isoëtaceae) in China as revealed by nucleotide sequences of the nuclear ribosomal ITS region and the second intron of a LEAFY homolog0 aPhylogenetic relationships of Isoëtes Isoëtaceae in China as rev  c2004///  a196 - 2050 v943 aIsoëtes is an ancient lycopod lineage with a highly conserved morphology that provides few morphological characters to resolve the phylogeny of its species. Species appear to have evolved by divergence and allopolyploidy. The basic diploids I. hypsophila, I. taiwanensis, and I. yunguiensis and the tetraploid I. sinensis occur in China. Analysis of ITS sequences indicates that the Chinese Isoëtes species are part of an Australasian clade including I. brevicula from Western Australia and I. kirkii from New Zealand. Two distinct cloned sequences of the second intron of a LEAFY homolog were recovered from I. sinensis supporting the hypothesis that I. sinensis is an allotetraploid. One of the I. sinensis cloned sequences was similar to the I. taiwanensis sequence and the other cloned sequence was similar to the I. yunguiensis sequence identifying I. taiwanensis and I. yunguiensis as the likely parents of I. sinensis. Other cloned sequences recovered from I. sinensis were recombined parts of the two distinct sequences. Morphological evidence supporting an allotetraploid origin of I. sinensis is found in its larger microspore size and intermediate megaspore texture compared to I. taiwanensis, and I. yunguiensis.1 aTaylor, W.C.1 aLekschas, A.R.1 aQing, F.W.1 aLiu, X.1 aNapier, N.S.1 aHoot, S.B.  uhttp://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-11444262662&partnerID=40&md5=7b7a2b568e139bee1b60bd62836ff6ef02081nas a2200241   4500008004100000245012600041210007000167260001200237300001200249490000700261520129100268653001701559653001501576653002201591653002301613653000901636100001601645700001201661700001601673700001701689700001601706856011701722       2005                        eng d00aGenetic variation within the endangered quillwort Isoëtes hypsophila (Isoetaceae) in China as evidenced by ISSR analysis0 aGenetic variation within the endangered quillwort Isoëtes hypsop  c2005///  a89 - 980 v823 aThe genetic diversity of 56 individuals of Isoëtes hypsophila Hand.-Mazz. from China was investigated by ISSR. Twelve primers were screened from 65 primers, and a total of 119 DNA fragments were scored, of these, 82% were polymorphic bands, which indicated that high levels of genetic variation existed in the natural populations. Genetic diversity varied greatly among populations with the percentage of polymorphic band (PPB) values ranging from 8 to 35%. An analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) was used to apportion the variation between regions, among populations within regions, and within populations. Results indicated that most of the variance (85%) occurred between Yunnan and Sichuan. The variances among populations within regions and within populations, however, were only 5 and 10%, respectively. In the among-population analysis, the larger part of genetic variation (77%) resided among populations, and less (23%) presented differences within populations. UPGMA cluster analysis showed that there was no distinct genetic differentiation between populations from Sichuan province. A number of causes including limited gene flow, genetic drift and inbreeding might have led to these observed genetic profiles of I. hypsophila. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.10aConservation10aEndangered10aGenetic variation10aIsoetes hypsophila10aISSR1 aChen, J.-M.1 aLiu, X.1 aWang, J.-Y.1 aRobert, G.W.1 aWang, Q.-F.  uhttp://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-20444420155&partnerID=40&md5=c58709593caeba345cf50c4fba7d621302208nas a2200217   4500008004100000245005800041210005600099260001200155300001400167490000700181520157700188653001001765653001401775653001201789653001101801653002101812100001201833700001201845700001601857856011701873       2008                        eng d00aSpore morphology of Isoëtes (isoëtaceae) from China0 aSpore morphology of Isoëtes isoëtaceae from China  c2008///  a479 - 4890 v463 aMicromorphological characters of mega- and microspores of five Isoëtes species from China were observed under scanning electron microscope (SEM). Megaspores of I. hypsophila have a levigate ornamentation, and are 358 μm in diameter (mean, n=30), microspores of this species have a gyrus ornamentation, and are 22 μm in length (mean, n=30); megaspores of I. yunguiensis have a cristate-reticulate ornamentation, with a size of 390 μm in diameter (mean, n=30), while microspores nearly smooth with some fine granulates, and with a size of 22 gm in length (mean, n=30); megaspores of I. taiwanensis are tuberculate and 312 μm in diameter (mean, n=30), echinate microspores are 24 μm in length (mean, n=30); cristate megaspores of I. sinensis are 409 μm in diameter (mean, n=30), and echinate microspores are 28 μm in length (mean, n=30); megaspores of I. orientalis have a cristate-reticulate ornamentation, with diameter of 420 μm (mean, n=30), microspores of this species have an echinate-tuberculate ornamentation with a size of 34 μm in length (mean, n=30). Based on the morphological characters of spores and chromosome numbers among taxa, it was found that mean spore size in each species of Isoëtes generally reflected the ploidy level. I. hypsophila, I. yunguiensis and I. taiwanensis, with smaller mean spore size, are diploidy with 2n=22; I. sinensis (2n=44) and I. orientalis (2n=66), with larger mean spore size, are polyploidy. The spore morphology of Isoëtes still plays an important role in identification and classification of Isoëtes from China.10aChina10aEvolution10aIsoetes10aOrigin10aSpore morphology1 aLiu, X.1 aLiu, H.1 aWang, Q.-F.  uhttp://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-57349117891&partnerID=40&md5=f310ff0165e440259efb4b7c6431474301875nas a2200229   4500008004100000245009000041210006900131260001200200300001200212490000600224520112400230653001701354653002201371653001201393653004401405653002401449100001301473700001701486700001201503700001301515856011701528       2007                        eng d00aGenetic diversity in Isoetes yunguiensis, a rare and endangered endemic fern in China0 aGenetic diversity in Isoetes yunguiensis a rare and endangered e  c2007///  a46 - 490 v23 aIsoetes yunguiensis is an endangered and endemic fern in China. Field survey indicated that only one population and no more than 50 individuals occur in the wild. The genetic variation of 46 individuals from the population remaining at Pingba (Guizhou Province, China) was assessed by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) finger-printing. Twelve primers were screened from sixty ten-bp arbitrary primers, and a total of 95 DNA fragments were scored. Of these, 62.1% were polymorphic loci, which indicated that high level genetic variation existed in the natural population. The accumulation of genetic variation in the history of the taxon and the apparent minimal reduction effect on genetic diversity following destruction of habitat might be responsible for the high level genetic diversity presently remaining in the I. yunguiensis population. However, with the continuing decrease of population size, the genetic diversity will gradually be lost. We suggest that the materials from the extant population should be used for re-establishment of the populations. © 2007 Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag.10aEndemic fern10aGenetic diversity10aIsoetes10aRandom amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)10aRare and endangered1 aChen, J.1 aGituru, W.R.1 aLiu, X.1 aWang, Q.  uhttp://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-33847396236&partnerID=40&md5=ee6f56a9a5fcf2d93d7218f43862d556