02016nas a2200241   4500008004100000245012000041210007100161260001200232300001400244490000700258520124700265653000901512653002001521653001601541653001201557653002401569653001001593100001201603700001301615700001301628700001601641856011701657       2009                        eng d00aSystematic evaluation of isoëtes asiatica makino (isoëtaceae) based on AFLP, nrITS, and chloroplast DNA sequences0 aSystematic evaluation of isoëtes asiatica makino isoëtaceae base  c2009///  a501 - 5100 v523 aOn the basis of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and nucleotide sequence data from nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (nrITS) and three chloroplast DNA regions (rbcL, cpITS, and trnS-psbC spacer), we investigated the species delimitation and the evolutionary lineage of Isoëtes asiatica from Hokkaido, Japan. The neighbor-joining (NJ) dendrogram based on AFLP markers revealed the well-defined clusters (bootstrap value = 100%) of I. asiatica. Results from the principal component analysis are largely congruent with those obtained in the NJ dendrogram. The maximum parsimony analysis, based on data from nrITS and three chloroplast DNA sequences, supported a monophyly of three species, I. asiatica, Isoëtes echinospora, and Isoëtes maritima from Hokkaido, Kamchatka, and Alaska regions. The distinct species status of I. asiatica was also well supported in the combined chloroplast DNA phylogeny. Therefore, I. asiatica appear to represent example of gradual speciation due to spatial isolation of ancestral populations followed by genetic divergence. Our results also suggest that I. asiatica is probably not the ancestral diploid of the polyploids occurring in East Asia. © The Botanical Society of Korea 2009.10aAFLP10aChloroplast DNA10aI. asiatica10aIsoetes10aMolecular phylogeny10aNrITS1 aKim, C.1 aNa, H.R.1 aShin, H.1 aChoi, H.-K.  uhttp://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-71249137227&partnerID=40&md5=029dcd01eab0eacc2d8c97b3953cb1ba01790nas a2200169   4500008004100000245012300041210006900164260001200233300001600245490000700261520117100268100001401439700001801453700001801471700001401489856011701503       2009                        eng d00aA trans-splicing group I intron and tRNA-hyperediting in the mitochondrial genome of the lycophyte Isoetes engelmannii0 atranssplicing group I intron and tRNAhyperediting in the mitocho  c2009///  a5093 - 51040 v373 aPlant mitochondrial genomes show much more evolutionary plasticity than those of animals. We analysed the first mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of a lycophyte, the quillwort Isoetes engelmannii, which is separated from seed plants by more than 350 million years of evolution. The Isoetes mtDNA is particularly rich in recombination events, and chloroplast as well as nuclear DNA inserts document the incorporation of foreign sequences already in this most ancestral vascular plant lineage. On the other hand, particularly small group II introns and short intergenic regions reveal a tendency of evolution towards a compact mitochondrial genome. RNA editing reaches extreme levels exceeding 100 pyrimidine exchanges in individual mRNAs and, hitherto unobserved in such frequency, also in tRNAs with 18 C-to-U conversions in the tRNA for proline. In total, some 1500 sites of RNA editing can be expected for the Isoetes mitochondrial transcriptome. As a unique molecular novelty, the Isoetes cox 1 gene requires trans-splicing via a discontinuous group I intron demonstrating disrupted, but functional, RNAs for yet another class of natural ribozymes. © 2009 The Author(s).1 aGrewe, F.1 aViehoever, P.1 aWeisshaar, B.1 aKnoop, V.  uhttp://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-69849093397&partnerID=40&md5=b046c2a9f2f25d1f22409335cffd876202606nas a2200253   4500008004100000245017900041210006900220260001200289300001400301490000800315520172500323653002802048653001602076653001402092653002002106653000902126653002002135100001402155700001602169700001402185700002002199700001602219856011702235       2009                        eng d00aCompetition in microcosm between a clonal plant species (Bolboschoenus maritimus) and a rare quillwort (Isoetes setacea) from Mediterranean temporary pools of southern France0 aCompetition in microcosm between a clonal plant species Bolbosch  c2009///  a115 - 1240 v6343 aBolboschoenus maritimus, a clonal species, is locally invasive in Mediterranean temporary pools where it threatens endangered rare plant species such as Isoetes setacea. The combination of management modifications (grazing) and of the progressive accumulation of fine sediments in the pools contributed to the establishment of competitive perennial plants such as B. maritimus. The competitive advantage of B. maritimus on I. setacea has been studied in controlled conditions. The goal of this experiment was to assess the role of environmental conditions in the output of the competition between Bolboschoenus and Isoetes, notably hydrology and soil richness. For this purpose, Isoetes was cultivated alone (three individuals/pot) and with Bolboschoenus (three individuals of both species). The experiment was run with five replicates on six types of sediment (gradient of richness in sand/silt/clay) combined with three hydrological treatments (flooded, wet. and dry). The competitive advantage of Bolboschoenus was measured as the ratio of the production of Isoetes in mixture versus monoculture. The results showed that Isoetes was always outcompeted by Bolboschoenus. However, the competitive advantage of Bolboschoenus on Isoetes, was more related to hydrology than to soil richness. The competitive advantage of Bolboschoenus was very high in wet and flooded conditions and very low in dry conditions. This situation may lead to the extinction, medium-term, of the populations of I. setacea. The introduction of ovine grazing or of cut back practices in temporary pools could reduce the B. maritimus biomass and help toward the conservation of I. setacea populations. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2009.10aBolboschoenus maritimus10aCompetition10aHydrology10aIsoetes setacea10aSoil10aTemporary pools1 aRhazi, M.1 aGrillas, P.1 aRhazi, L.1 aCharpentier, A.1 aMédail, F.  uhttp://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-71549166625&partnerID=40&md5=75f2af6039d9ffd9ec5dc7303a7b161202363nas a2200229   4500008004100000245010400041210006900145260001200214300001200226490000700238520157200245653002501817653002301842653004501865653002501910653002201935100001501957700001501972700001301987700001602000856011702016       2009                        eng d00aPreliminary study on community characteristics of Isoetes orientalis at different succession stages0 aPreliminary study on community characteristics of Isoetes orient  c2009///  a22 - 270 v183 aComparative analyses of species composition, community ecological quantitative characteristics, species diversity and propogation mode of Isoëtes orientalis H. Liu et Q. F. Wang communities at different succession stages were conducted by the method of space-replacing-time. The results show that at early succession stage, the community has the lowest diversity ( species richness, Shannon-Wiener index, Pielou evenness index and β diversity index) , and the abundance, coverage, important value and niche breadth of I. orientalis population are the highest, which makes I. orientalis the dominant species. At middle succession stage, the abundance, coverage, important value and niche breadth of I. orientalis population all decrease, while the community shows the highest species diversity, which makes the climax community of I, orientalis. At late succession stage, the abundance, coverage, important value and niche breadth of I. orientalis population fall to the lowest levels, and perennial herbs such as Miscanthus sinensis Anderss. and Zizania latifolia ( Griseb.) Turcz. ex Stapf become dominant species. Along with the succession process, the number of species adopting asexual/vegetative propogation increases and the main propogation strategy of the community changes from sexual propogation to asexual/vegetative propogation. It is suggested that in the process of succession, the changes of species composition, species diversity, propogation strategy of species and mesophytic habitat may be the major reason to decline of I. orientalis population.10aCommunity succession10aEndangered species10aIsoëtes orientalis H. Liu et Q. F. Wang10aPropogation strategy10aSpecies diversity1 aZhu, S.-C.1 aZhu, W.-J.1 aChen, X.1 aTang, J.-J.  uhttp://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-67651120104&partnerID=40&md5=abd46b2e9745329f95cfe24ddc9298c300852nas a2200193   4500008004100000245004600041210004500087260001200132300001400144490000700158520027800165653001100443653001900454653001600473100001700489700001700506700001800523856011700541       2009                        eng d00aIsoetes maxima, a new species from Brazil0 aIsoetes maxima a new species from Brazil  c2009///  a194 - 1990 v993 aIsoetes maxima from eastern Brazil is described as a new species. This taxon differs from other fully aquatic species in South America by a combination of its overall size, leaf coloration, finely tapering subulae, and megaspore morphology. © 2009, Americian Fern Society.10aBrazil10aIsoetes maxima10aNew species1 aHickey, R.J.1 aMacLuf, C.C.1 aLink-Prez, M.  uhttp://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-76449121955&partnerID=40&md5=0bb4244c3bd0be9f7105bd2c1293d6fc02262nas a2200253   4500008004100000245009400041210006900135260001200204300001400216490000700230520146900237653001801706653001501724653002501739653001401764653001301778653001701791653001401808100002501822700001301847700001601860700001501876856011701891       2009                        eng d00aEffects of aluminium toxicity and low pH on the early development of isoëtes echinospora0 aEffects of aluminium toxicity and low pH on the early developmen  c2009///  a135 - 1490 v813 aA relict population of Isoëtes echinospora Durieu survived a thirty-year period of severe acidification and high concentrations of phytotoxic aluminium (Al) in Plešné Lake (Bohemian Forest, Czech Republic). The population consisted of only adult plants. Sporeling survival and age structure were examined during the population recovery in 2004-2008. Laboratory experiments were conducted to assess the effect of various pH values (4-8) and Al concentrations (0-1000 μgl -1) on sporeling development. The responses of the sporelings to the experimental treatments were evaluated and compared with those observed in the lake. The experiments showed that an Al concentration higher than 300 μgl- 1 , and high acidity (pH 4), inhibit sporeling growth, in particular resulted in a pronounced reduction in absorptive organs (macrogametophyte rhizoids, roots and root hairs). With increasing concentrations of Al and at pH 4, the ratio of the below-ground to above-ground sporeling biomass decreased to less than 1. The responses of the lake sporelings, rooting in the upper sediment layer, were similar to those exposed to 100-300 μgl -1 of Al in the laboratory, and reflected the Al toxicity of the lake water. The quillworts at Plešné Lake survived because adult plants can tolerate these adverse conditions and are very long-lived. The population recovered when the pH of the water increased to over 5 and the Al concentration decreased to below 300 μgl- 1 .10aAcidification10aDemography10aIsoëtes echinospora10aQuillwort10aRecovery10aReproduction10aSporeling1 atvrtlíková, M., Č1 aVrba, J.1 aZnachor, P.1 aHekera, P.  uhttp://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-68249099192&partnerID=40&md5=9b6556ca288bc4b4849c6e259815eaca02543nas a2200229   4500008004100000245016000041210006900201260001200270300001400282490000800296520175700304653000902061653001202070653002202082653001202104653001402116653002502130100001202155700001302167700001602180856011702196       2009                        eng d00aGenetic diversity and population structure of diploid and polyploid species of isoetes in east asia based on amplified fragment length polymorphism markers0 aGenetic diversity and population structure of diploid and polypl  c2009///  a496 - 5040 v1703 aIsoetes L. is critically endangered in areas of East Asia, including Taiwan, Japan, and South Korea. The genetic diversity and the population structure of six Isoetes species from East Asia were evaluated by using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). Three AFLP-selective primer combinations generated a total 923 amplification products, of which 919 (99.6%) were polymorphic. The levels of genetic diversity of two diploid species (I. taiwanensis [percentage of polymorphic loci (PPL) = 33.1%-38.3%] and I. asiatica [PPL = 49.0%]) are higher than those of polyploid species (tetraploid: I. jejuensis [PPL = 9.3%-29.3%] and I. hallasanensis [PPL = 22.3%]; hexaploid: I. coreana [PPL = 1.6%-20.6%] and I. japonica [PPL = 5.6%-20.5%]). Higher genetic differentiation was detected for populations of I. coreana (0B = 0.730) than for the diploid species I. taiwanensis (0B = 0.074). In addition, analysis of molecular variance showed that a large proportion (79.8%) of genetic differentiation existed among population of I. coreana. However, 93.2% of the total genetic variation was attributed to differentiation within populations of I. taiwanensis. A neighbor-joining dendrogram resulted in three clusters, one for I. asiatica, one for I. japonica, and one for the rest of the species, subdivided into two: (1) I. taiwanensis/I. jejuensis and (2) I. coreana/I. hallasanensis. Furthermore, individuals from each population of I. coreana and I. jejuensis were clustered into population-specific subclusters. The probable causes of the current pattern of genetic variation and population structure are discussed, and suggestions on the future protection of Isoetes species are also given. © 2009 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved.10aAFLP10aDiploid10aGenetic diversity10aIsoetes10aPolyploid10aPopulation structure1 aKim, C.1 aShin, H.1 aChoi, H.-K.  uhttp://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-67649230633&partnerID=40&md5=794650fbe3653559e7cb90004dfa45c601780nas a2200217   4500008004100000245010500041210006900146260001200215300001400227490000700241520106400248653001501312653002001327653001501347653001801362653001701380100001501397700001701412700001601429856011701445       2009                        eng d00aIsoetes eludens (Isoetaceae), a new endemic species from the Kamiesberg, Northern Cape, South Africa0 aIsoetes eludens Isoetaceae a new endemic species from the Kamies  c2009///  a123 - 1280 v643 aIsoetes eludens, a new, highly localised, endemic species from the Kamiesberg, Northern Cape is described. The aquatic species grows in a shallow temporary gnamma or !gau (rock pool) in Kamiesberg gneiss at an altitude of 1,284 m. It is characterised by a short, strongly 3-lobed stem, relatively short, and broad estomate sporophylls, a complete velum, the presence of an outer sporangium sack (a feature not previously reported for the genus), graphite-black, laevigate megaspores with a narrow, but tall laesura, microspores with near smooth proximal surfaces but with a papillate distal surface, the absence of a ligule and labium, and simple roots with few root-hairs. The systematic relationship of the species is difficult to determine as a result of convergent evolution in the genus. The sporangium sack does not support an affinity with any of the known species. Further surveys are needed to establish the geographical extent and conservation status of this remarkable local endemic. © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew 2009.10aIsoetaceae10aIsoetes eludens10aKamiesberg10aNorthern Cape10aSouth Africa1 aRoux, J.P.1 aHopper, S.D.1 aSmith, R.J.  uhttp://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-65349174411&partnerID=40&md5=2a66c2a58d9cac4ccf87d1c20435aa0502540nas a2200253   4500008004100000245016000041210006900201260001200270300001200282490000700294520168100301653001901982653002202001653001502023653001202038653001902050653002902069100001602098700001302114700001102127700001402138700001702152856011702169       2009                        eng d00aHigh allozyme diversity and unidirectional linear migration patterns within a population of tetraploid Isoetes sinensis, a rare and endangered pteridophyte0 aHigh allozyme diversity and unidirectional linear migration patt  c2009///  a52 - 580 v903 aIsoetes sinensis (Isoetaceae), an aquatic quillwort which occurs only in two fragmented sites of China as an allotetraploid, is critically endangered. Genetic variation among eight subpopulations of I. sinensis was examined in the Xin'an River (119°14′-15′E, 29°28′N) by using allozyme polymorphism. Eighteen loci of 10 enzyme systems were examined and used for the analysis of population genetic parameters. As expected for allotetraploids, fixed heterozygosity was found at four loci. A high level of genetic diversity was observed in the population, with mean number of alleles per loci of 1.8, and mean percentage of polymorphic loci of 55.6%, which were much higher than the average values in fern species. The genetic variation within each subpopulation was not positively correlated with its size, which may be explained by high gene flow (Nm = 2.57), clonal reproduction and fixed heterozygosity of allopolyploid. The I. sinensis population contained high clonal diversity (PD = 0.39, D = 0.95), indicating the successful seedling recruitment of the population. Significant positive relationship was detected between clonal diversity and the size of subpopulation. Partitioning the genetic diversity indicated that 91.1% of the genetic variation was within subpopulations and only 8.9% existed among subpopulations. The migration pattern of I. sinensis along the Xin'an River is best explained by a source-sink model, but with unidirectional gene flow among subpopulations underlined by hydrochoric force. The results were then discussed in relation to both in situ and ex situ conservation efforts of the population. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.10aAllotetraploid10aGenetic diversity10aHydrochory10aIsoetes10aRiparian plant10aUnidirectional migration1 aChen, Y.-Y.1 aYang, W.1 aLi, W.1 aLi, Z.-Z.1 aHuang, H.-W.  uhttp://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-54249105798&partnerID=40&md5=962f14606c468408a8b8d98333cd3292